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SAN ANTONIO 

HISTORICAL and MODERN 




PUBLISHED and COPYRIGHTED by the 



PASSING SHOW PUBLISHING CO. 

1909 



BAN ANTONIO PR, NTH 







#aint Antljony 



Stiint Anthony of Padua, patron saint of San Antonio, who died in Pa- 
dua in 1231 at thirty-six years of age. The above picture is a detail of the 
famous painting by Murillo in the cathedral de Sevilla, "The Vision of 
St. Anthony." In the full picture cherubs float and hover about him, 
forming a garland of graceful forms and lovely faces. 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 



^Ijc ^tory af #t ^ntltomr. 



gg] HJ K][H [K] HJIHJ KJ H IK, 



»1 L^ IK 

Ml X [§ 

K] |H 

"K]|K](gl'«iia«[Hl'Hlllig'K 




EW of flie mediaeval saints are as celebrated as St. 
Anfliony of Padua. Throughout Italy his name Is held 
in such veneration {hat he is commonly spoken of as 
"flie saint, ' and in Padua particularly, his festival is 
enthusiastically kept. 

When he died, {he brotherhood desired to keep his 
dea{h a secret, {hat {hey might bury him m uieir church, 
but the secret could not be kept, for me children of me 
city, divinely inspired {hereto, ran {hrough {he streets 
crying, "II Santo e morto! il Santo e morto! 

The citizens of Padua decreed {hat a church should be 
built to his memory at public expense. The chapel which contains me 
shrine of me saint is one mass of ornament, splendid wi{h marble and 
alabaster sculpture, bronzes, and gold and silver lamps. Fhirty-tvvo years 
after his deaui his remains were removed to me church built in his honor. 
Upon mis occasion, {he tomb being open.d, the tonjue of {he saint was 
found intact. It is contained wifliin a handsome case of silver gilt, and 
IS exhibited once a year at {he great festival on {h.» loch or June. 

Many legends cluster about {he name of St. Anthony. One of me best 
known is {hat of {he fishes, which runs as follows: "Sl-. Anfhony being 
come to me city of Rimmi, where were many heretics and unbelievers, he 
preached to them repentance and a new life; but {hey stopped meir ears and 
refused to listen to him. Whereupon, he repaired to {he sea shore, and 
stretching for{n his hand, he said, 'Hear me, ye fishes, for fhese unbelievers 
refuse to listen, and truly it was a marvelous flung to see how an infinite 
number of fishes, great and liftle, lifted fheir heads above water and listened 
to me sermon of flie saint. 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 

^c^cn^s of #'an ^ntonia* 

PtBCOltcrw of #an ^ntonio H^allfy. 




Out of the mystic West Apache war- 
riors traveled across the Staked Plains to 
nnd the traditional hunting grounds of their 
fore-fathers, — a land of bison and limpid 
water. 

The way was long and tedious, with 
hunger and thirst ever in hot pursuit. 
Thus it was the "moon of dead leaves' 
before the remnant of the Apache band 
found the pass. 

It was the year of the great drought. 
Mountain, mesa and plain stood abandon- 
ed by the spirit of nature. The brown 
earth bore no sign save the mystic sand 
paintings, symbolic prayers of the medicine men to the forces of nature. 

War painted, sinewy bodies shown against the golden sunset at the road 
where the tepees had been reared, but no smoke ascended, nor welcome await- 
ed, for the medicine men chanted only of famine. Ravenous wolves howled 
of hunger, and the turtle doves mingled their sad notes with the dirges of 
the women. 

Tremanos, a youth of the Apache tribe, ascended wearily to a hill top. 
He turned to the mesa; red phantoms blurred the horizon, while from over 
the mountain the hot breeze brought rythmical music from the flageolet of a 
spirit warrior. To the west, the lurid sunset mocked, as a burning tomahawk, 
over the land of his fathers. Gaunt shadows, grim death, wierd sounds stood 
whispering as Tremanos looked southward where gray billows of sage brush 
reached onward to infinite space. But, a miracle — beyond the gray, a bit of 
fern-like green seemed to follow the valley. 
Tremanos called. 
Come, my people, come: it is the river: Water and bison await us. 
Follow my footsteps to Tejas the Beautiful. 

Silently wigwams were folded by half hearted squaws. Onward for 
hours they journeyed, to the great bend of the Hill of Laurel; there, eastward 
and southward high tula grass marked the water course. 

Gaunt faces were transmuted, gaunt hands were lifted in prayer to the 
forces of nature, gaunt bodies bowed over the ford of Las Tejas. 

SARAH S. KING. 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 




of tire 

The Indians called it flie "Spring of 
uie Huisacne, and no other name de- 
scribes me environment so well. We 
call it "{he head of the San Antonio 
river, but fliat tells nothing of flie gold- 
en crowned huisache, flie meal laden 
mesquite, {he bitter laurel, each and all 
iron rooted and of vigorous growfli. 

The gray dove knew flie haunt, but 
in those days it did not mourn. A 
legend tells the reason with a lover s 
tale ; tells of an old chieftain who had 
two beautiful daughters, " Flower of 
Gladness and " Flower of Pity, flie 
one demure and sad; the oflier light- 
hearted and joyous. A young warrior 
found each to nt his varying moods, 
and secretly wooed both maidens. 

One day {he chief overheard gossip- 
ing tongues. Hatred and wounded 
pride, nursed {hrough me autumn chase, 
grew into revenge, until he slew {he 
fickle warrior at flie "Spring of flie 
Huisache, and left me body where 
"Flower of Pity daily sought her 
lover. In despair she took a hunting 
knife from his lifeless form and followed her lover to the " Spirit Land. 

A little later " Flower of Gladness " came down for a cooling drink and 
chanced upon the tragedy. The shock was more than strength and reason 
could bear. The light vanished from heart and mind, and up and down {he 
river the maiden wandered, calling ever, " Pity, " Flower of Pity, come,' 
until Manitou let flie soul rest, to find expression m flie dove's sad note. 

From {he warrior s side anomer spring gushed foroi, and near by, upon 
a rocky ledge, mere rests a semblance of "Flower of Pity, — a petrified 
boulder which sends for{h ano{her rivulet — the fliree springs finally uniting 
in the San Antonio river. g^j^^pj S j^jj^^^ 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 

Blljcn tl)c #prim^s Cccisc to JflnUi. 




When tne light foot of the Apache nrst pressed 
the green carpet necked with blue-bonnets and wine- 
cups; crept through the tangled wild-wood and beheld 
•'* . ^1 the waters gushing from under the great rocks, he 
k exclaimed, "Oyo del Rio! (the eye of the river.) 

" ♦ Jwlit / Here the great chief pitched his tepee and spent 
J many happy days under the moss laden trees, the 
singing birds and the rippling waters, his own Wanda 
being his constant delight, while the young braves 
killed the deer, and the squaws prepared the venison. 
But a shadow fell : At nrst faint as a fleeting sum- 
mer cloud ; then dark as the storm s angry roar. A young brave, more 
comely and more during than the rest, came a-woomg, and the dark eyed 
maiden gladly left her old father to follow in the new comer's sure and 
steady footsteps, as he climbed the rocky banks and made paths for her 
through the thick mesquite bush. 

"It shall not be, cried the old warrior. "My little one shall not 
leave me. 

But life s young blood runs high, and wrath is no match for love. 
Away went the happy young lovers, while the old warrior left alone, bowed 
his head and died of grief. The water sprites that had sung the live long 
day were hushed, and said, 

Ihis never again shall happen. If another maiden weds we go away. 

As the years went by the dark skinned race gave place to the pale 
face. There came to dwell here sprightly little maidens and tall, stately 
maidens, but they all said "nay to their wooers, and the water sprites 
continued to sing, and the flowers to bloom as of yore. 

But, alas, again the shadow fell, and there was no more singing under 
the trees and the flowers hung their heads, for another maiden was to wed 
and it was only after the pious sisterhood came to dwell on its banks that 
the sprites once more dared begin their merry songs and the flowers renew 
their bloom. 




SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODEEN. 




WITHIN the San Antonio valley archaeologists have recorded 
proof of a pre-histonc people, — distinct evidences that San An- 
tonio was an Indian village long before Columbus discovered 
America. Tradition tells of a Toltec or Aztec seftlement before Cortez 
conquest of Mexico. 

History begins with Narvaez, who, disappointed at sharing honors with 
Cortez m Mexico, gained permission from Spam to conquer and govern Flor- 
ida. Cabeca de Vaca received the appointment as royal treasurer and high 
sheriff to the expedition, and he, with two companions, were the only survi- 
vors of the crew of four hundred men and nve ships which sailed from Ha- 
vana, March 1528, and which landed at Apalache Bay. For several months 
La Vaca wandered through the Tejas land, living on mesquite beans, and 
prickly pear until he reached the place of pmones, or nuts, upon the San 
Antonio river. Here the Indians 
dwelt in huts and gave the stranger 
freely of their food. It is througb 
De Vaca's account that European? 
first heard of the buffalo, or hunch- 
backed cow, as he described it. 

The failure of this expedition 
left Texas land to the "Indian bra- jr 
vo for over a century, to be again ^ 

awakened m the name of France 

iJfC* TG11 T? L Old cannuii toiiml while e cavatiiiR for the 

instead ot Spain. L,a Salle, a French Qibbg building. Supposed to have been used 

1 1 J L J f 1 ■ i f in the siege of the Alamo. 

explorer, led a band ot colonists trom 

France landing at Matagorda Bay. The bu'ldmg of Ft. St. Louis on Texas 

soil and the raising of the French nag, aroused the Spanish council, and it sent 

De Leon to investigate. He found that the French settlement had been wiped 

out by Indians, and after exploring the country gave such a favorable account 

of the San Antonio valley, that the banks of the San Antonio river were 

selected as a place for settlement. Through his efforts the river and presidio 

were christened San Antonio in honor of St. Anthony of Padua. 

For reasons of both church and state the Christian missions under the 

leadership of Father Manzanet, were conceived and partially built in this valley. 

These were to be used as fortresses in resisting the encroachments of the 




10 SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 

French, and as a defense against Indians, as well as a means for converting 
the natives to the Catholic faith, thereby spreading the influence of the church. 
So, the fleur-de-lis of France gave way to the tn-color of Spain. But Louisiana 
grew apace, and French traders sought Mexico, from whence they crossed the 
Rio Grande into Texas. Among these was St. Denis, who upon first seeing 
the San Antonio river exclaimed: 

"Look, a beautiful site for a city." 

France again threatened Spanish supremacy, so Spanish priests and sol- 
diers were hurried to the San Antonio valley and the mission fortresses were 
pushed to completion. 

The Marquis of Casa Fuertes visited the city before he became the Mex- 
ican Viceroy and became interested in it. It was mainly owing to his rep- 
resentation that the Spanish government sent out sixteen families of Span- 
iards from the Canary Islands. These were entitled to the prefix "Don ' 
and are the ancestors of the leading Spanish-Mexican families of the city. The 
Village was named San Fernando, in honor of Fernando III, King of Spain. 
A presidio, or garrisoned town, called Bexar, after the Viceroy, was created 
on November 28, 1730. 

In 1773 a charter was granted by me king of Spain, flie city being 
officially styled San Antonio de Bexar. The charter s existence has been 
established by law, but the original charter has not been seen since 1834. A 
garrison of 117 men under Don Antonio de Almazon was located here, and 
so for fhe time flie Spanish flag waved dominantly over this part of Texas. 

In June, 1807, the great explorer. Lieutenant Zebulon Pike, was in San 
Antonio when he was the guest of Governor Cordero. He reports a city of 
about two thousand inhabitants. 

In 1821 Mexico gained freedom from Spain, and Texns became a Mex- 
ican province under a new flag. San Antonio as the most important pre- 
sidio and the gate way to Mexico, was at once the scene of activity, and this 
center of early trade and strife became fhe birmplace of fhe largest and most 
glorious portion of Texas history. 

The period of American colonization followed, — a period mixed with 
Spanish-Mexican intrigue and politics. With Mexico as the center of revo- 
lution, San Antonio naturally received its share of trouble in the troublesome 
times. The American idea of a republican form of government having taken 
root in Texas soil me result was inevitable — liberty. The rallying of the col- 
onists around grand old Mexicans like Navarro, Manchaca, Ruiz and others, 
and the silent sympathy of Uncle Sam, stirred hearts from Texas to Maine. 
The story of me revolution would make an Anglo-Saxon Illiad. The adven- 
tures of Ulysses grow dim beside our own heritage when Texas came under 
a single star, — the flag of flie Texas Republic. The United States beckoned, 
and Texas joined the "Stars and Stripes. 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 11 

Rest and peace followed flie Mexican war, but the Hearts oi Texas sons 
ever quickened at the battle cry. The state was one of flie Confederacy, and 
its banner was adopted as her sixth flag. The Civil War ended, Texas once 
more pledged loyal hearts to "Old Glory. 

San Antonio flirough many vicissitudes remained first and last flie pearl 
of Texas, and stands to-day flie oldest, flie most historic, the most beautiful, 
and most cosmopolitan city of the southwest. A stroll upon the plaza will 
demonstrate its cosmopolitan character. The Mexican peon walks along so- 
berly and quietly; nie jovial German beams; the Frenchman bows ; uie Italian 
gesticulates; flie negroes discuss of "possum and taters and flie glory of "June 
teenth; the Chinaman and Jap patter along in sandaled feet with "washee 
muchee for Melican man, while uie Turk nods his turbaned head. Truly, 
San Antonio welcomes all. The artist may here find vivid color and bold 
outline for pen or brush, while the student may wander in the highway and 
byway of psychological and sociological investigation, from peon to courtier, 
in any language from Greek to Esperanto. Truly a rich field of study 
for tourist or resident. About me name and city cluster legends old; its 
history is full of the romance and passion of action, and as for commercial 
supremacy, it stands alone. The assessed valuation is $40,000,000.00. With 
an area of thirty-six square miles it has four hundred and forty-fliree miles of 
streets with a population of one hundred thousand. There are twenty-two 
parks and plazas belonging to the city, and the many miles of river within uie 
city limits IS spanned by twenty-seven bridges. The churches number fifty-five, 
there are twenty-six public schools with a corps of two hundred and seventy- 
five teachers. Banking is represented by six national, two private and four 
state banks. 

Sarah S. King. 



fff 




12 SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 



"Ye were reared, 
0, ruins olu, by stern and 
holy men, 

God s messengers 
unto a new found 
world 

Whose voices, like 
the trumpet s 
Klast, 
Resounded 
through the for- 
est, and shook 
down. 
As by an earthquake's dread iconoclasm, 
1 he idols that men worshipped. 

"Their great lives 
Were given to awful duty, and their words 
Breamed, burned and throbbed upon flie air 
In solemn majesty. They did not shrink 
Or falter in the path of fliorn and rock 
Their souls marked out. 

"Age has followed age 
To me abysses of eternity; 
And many generations of our race 
Have sprang up and faded like the forest leaves. 
The mightiest temples reared by human pride 
Have long been scattered by a fliousand storms.' 

But ye remain! 
And many pilgrims yearly turn aside 
From their fir journeyings 
lo come and pause 
Amid your shattered wrecks 
As lone and wild as those of 
Tadmor of flie desert. 

(Found 111 an old scrap book) 



SAN ANTONIO HISTOKICAL AND MODEEN. 



13 




"The Shrine of Texas Liberty." 

THE Alamo, on the north east corner of Alamo Plaza is one of the 
historic buildings of the world. A stone on the front bears the date 
1757, which doubtless means the time of dedication. The mission 
was originally founded on the banks of the Rio Grande, in 1703, and after 
being twice removed to different sites was finally brought to San Antonio, 
where the corner stone was laid in 1744. 

OriginaUy the building covered nearly all of the eastern part of 
Alamo plaza. It consisted of the church and convent, prisons, out buildings, 
and the various enclosures necessary for protection and utility. 

The original ground plan included what is now the site of the Federal 
building, the west side of the Alamo plaza to the opera house, and eastward 
to the circular curb of the plaza garden. The convent walls still stand, but 
are unsightly with the addition of wooden battlements. This convent build- 
ing was one hundred and ninety one feet long, and its enclosure was the 
scene of the siege of the Alamo. The chapel itself was the scene of the last 
desperate stand, and the place made sacred by the worship of its founders 
was further hallowed by the death of martyrs. The church, which was 
built in the form of a cross, has been restored to something of its original 
beauty and simplicity. 

In 1835 came the trouble with Santa Anna, when the Mexican repub- 
licans joined the Americans against the dictator. Gonzales, Goliad, Concep- 
cion and the siege of San Antonio followed each other in quick succession. 
Ben Milam, with three hundred followers, took the town from General Cos, 
a Mexican General whom Santa Anna had sent to hold it, but the Texas 
government was in confusion and her soldiers scattered, so that they were 
unable to follow the advantage so gained. About eighty men com- 



14 SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 

prised tlie entire military force. At tKis time Travis took command and 
was able to draw to nimseli thirty additional men; brave Bowie came with 
thirty more, and a number of Mexican republicans joined the Texas 
forces. 

Santa Anna came against the little force of about one hundred and 
eighty men very unexpectedly. The Americans retired to the Alamo, 
where they raised the Mexican flag of 1824, it being the banner which stood 
for "Constitution and freedom. Among the number who gave their lives 
for the defense of Texas liberty were Davy Crockett, the mighty hunter of 
Tennessee; Travis, grave and silent; Bowie, gay and handsome; and Bon- 
ham, who went for re-enforcements and came back in the face of certain 
death. 

The defenders of the Alamo fully realized their desperate position, and 
when Travis drew a line with his sword and called for those who were 
willing to defend the fortress until death to come across to him there was 
neither indecision nor shrinking. Bowie was very ill with typhoid fever, 
and was unable to arise. "Lift my cot over the line, boys, he command- 
ed, unable to do more than set a high example of fortitude and courage, an 
example which was appreciated but not needed. 

The letter which Travis wrote asking for re-enforcements, breathes the 
purest patriotism and loftiest ideals. The style is of that simplicity which 
comes from earnestness of purpose and a nxed determination as to the right 
course to pursue. Nothing of self-seeking or vain glory breathes through 
this message which will echo through the ages. 

Commandancy of the Alamo, Bexar February 24, 1836." 

'' Felloiv-citizens and Compatriots. 1 am besieged by a thousand or 

more of the Mexicans under Santa Anna. I have sustained a strong 
bombardment for twenty four hours, and have not lost a man. The enemy 
have demanded a surrender at discretion, otherwise the garrison is to be put 
to the sword, if the place be taken. I have answered with a cannon shot, 
and our flag still waves proudly from the walls. I shall never surrender 
nor retreat. Then I call on you in the name of liberty, of patriotism, and of 
everything dear to the American character, to come to our aid with all de- 
spatch. The enemy are receiving reinforcements daily, and will no doubt 
increase to three and four thousand in a few days. Though this call may 
be neglected, I am determined to sustain myself as long as possible, and die 
like a soldier, who never forgets what is due to his honor and that of his 
country. Victory or Death! 

"W BARRET TRAVIS. 
"Lieutenant-Colonel Commanding. 

"P. S. — The Lord is on our side. When the enemy came in sight, we had 
not three bushels of corn. We have since found, in deserted houses, eighty 
or ninety bushels, and have gotten into the walls twenty-nine or thirty 
beeves. T." 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 15 

Santa Anna put up a black flag on San Fernando and this meant "no 
quarter. He commenced and kept up a fierce cannonading for several days, 
but at dawn, March 6, 1836, marched to the Alamo. The Texans held 
their own until the Mexicans scaled the walls, then occurred a hand to hand 
nght. Travis was killed on the walls, Crockett in the Convent yard, and 
Bowie in one of the small rooms. Bonham died bravely and Evans was 
killed as he attempted to explode the powder magazine. 

After the battle the women were taken before Santa Anna. 

The Navarro family had friends and influence, so the ladies returned 
home though Don Navarro was against Santa Anna. Mrs. Dickerson and 
babe were sent with a negro servant to carry the news to the Texans and 
"los Americanos. It spread to San Jacinto and victory. 

The alcalde was forced by Santa Anna to erect a funeral pyre. A 
layer of fence rails and brush was made, and on it was laid the bodies of 
the dead Texans, the whole was fired and the bodies of the heroes thus con- 
sumed. Some say this was done on the Alamo Plaza; others that it oc- 
curred in front of the present St. Joseph s Church. 

The loss of the Mexicans must have been tremendous. The alcalde of 
the city, Don Pancho Ruiz, says that 2,000 fell in the assault. He burned 
some bodies in the trenches; others were stripped and thrown into the 
river. 

Santa Anna s official report to the Secretary of the Navy, General Jose 
Maria Tornal, is a sufficient testimony to Texan bravery. 

"They met with a stubborn resistance. The combat lasted more 
than an hour and a half, and the reserves had to be brought into action. The 
scene offered by this engagement was extraordinary. The men fought in- 
dividually, vieing with each other in heroism." Then he falsely adds: 
"More than 600 corpses of foreigners were burned in the ditches and en- 
tranchements, and a great many who had escaped the bayonets of the in- 
fantry fell in the vicinity under the sabres of the cavalry. * * ''^ We 
lost about seventy men killed and 300 wounded, among whom were twenty- 
five officers. 

A great deal has been written about the Alamo but words alone can 
never fully portray the story of heroism. 

THE ALAMO BELL RESTORED 
The origmal bell of the Alamo has been restored to its old home, after 
being absent for 62 years. It was found in the river by John Twohig, in 
1852, when he gave it to his father-in-law. Major J. S. Calvert. Major 
Calvert gave the bell to his daughter, Mrs. C. K. Johnson, who present- 
ed it to her younger son, T. L. Johnson, who recently gave it to the 
Alamo. 

Sara S. King. 



1() 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORIAL AND MODERN. 



^an J(^ernan^o (Catl1c^ral. 




This structure is a mixture of the old 
and new. The rear part, distinguished by 
its Moorish dome, massive walls and 
octagonal shape, remains to tell over and 
over the story or its inception and Duild- 

^ _^ ing under the invocation of the Virgin 

■ '_ •■"'• * and Our Lady of Guadalupe, when San 

f^ ' ' ■■. jgl'.' mi ■ : : Antonio was a royal Spanish presidio. 

J The church was built by subscription 
and many names which appear among 
the original contributors are stdl familiar. 
It contains an old and interesting font 
as well as several good pictures which 
are well worth seeing. 

The church is open all day and is 
under the care of a sacristan. In the 
church records which are kept on file 
may be found many items of interest. Numerous Indian as well as familiar 
Spanish names appear, and here too, one may read the marriage contract 
of Ursula Veramendi and James Bowie. 




San Fernando Cathedral 




Rear view of ORiaiNAL Building^From a Drawi.ng by Julia Johnston. 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 



17 




"With these Arms be Mindful of the Mission's Patroness 
AND Princess." 



iBissinn Conccpcion, or Sirst iflission. 

CHURCH records show tliat the foundation stone of this building was 
laid March 5th, 1731, and that the building was completed twenty-one 
years later. The name refers to the Immaculate Concepcion, which 

was at that time a 

burning question in 

church circles. 

Driving out the 

"loop" road, the 

first glimpse of its 

Moorish dome and 

"twin towers, 

against the gray 

green of the mes- 

quites presents a 

scene which is pic- 
turesque in the ex- 
treme. Somber gray 

walls seem to blend 

into the barrenness of the surroundings, and it requires a vivid imagination to 

clothe the adjoining fields with the 
rich purple and green of great vine- 
yards which once supplied the padres 
with a vintage so rare that it was 
shipped to Spam where the "Mis- 
sion w^ine was esteemed as possess- 
ing the richest flavor. 

The front entrance bears above 
the center of the door way a shield 
with arms and devices upon which 
is carved this legend in Spanish: — 
"with these arms be mindful to the 
Mission s Patroness and Princess, 
and defend the state of her purity." 
Overthe legend is carved the knotted 
scourge of the order of St. Francis. 
The front still bears traces of 
gorgeous coloring, for it was frescoed 
all over with red and blue crosses 
of different patterns, and with yellow 
The Altar at Mission Concepcion. and orange squares. 




18 SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 

The Baptistry walls also snow traces of frescoes in vivid coloring, that 
of the crucinxion, ]ust above the font, being plainly visible. The font itself 
is unique. It is of solid stone let into the south wall. A crude carved figure 
with outstretched arms appears to support the nm. 

The chapel is in constant use for religious services. It has an earthen 
floor, cheap modern wooden benches, and an altar which is gay with decora- 
tions or paper flowers, gayly colored candles, etc. 

About a quarter of a mile to the east of Mission Concepcion, in a bend 
of the river, occurred a battle between an advance guard of the Texas army 
of Independence, and the Mexican forces under Cos who held San Antonio. 
This occurred on Wednesday, October 28th, 1835. The Texas forces were 
lead by Col. James Bowie and Captam Fannin, and consisted of ninety men 
against four hundred Mexicans. The Texans reached their place of encamp- 
ment the afternoon of the preceding day, and just at sundown they were 
greeted by a dull boom and a cannon shot tore through the air and burned 
itself in the earth beyond the camp. The shot was from a gun mounted in 
the tower of Mission Jose, two miles distant. 

About eight o clock Wednesday morning the battle was opened by a 
shot from the rifle of Henry Karnes, the sentinel who first discovered the 
approach of the Mexican army, which on account of a dense fog was unper- 
ceived. The Texans were covered by a steep embankment, and firing slowly, 
deliberately, and with deadly aim, lost but one man, while the enemy's loss 
in the engagement, which lasted only thirty rninutes, was about sixty killed, 
many being officers, and an equal number wounded. 

At noon a flag was sent out by the Mexicans in charge of the parish 
priest, for permission to bury their dead, which was granted them. 



fff 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 

#an 3)osc; or #*cconb 4^tssiiin. 



19 




"The Finest Gem of Architecture in the U. S." 

Mission San Jose ae Aguayo, or second mission, is so called in Konor 
of St. Josepn and Governor de Aguayo and is the most beautiful mission in 
the United States. It was founded in 1720 and took eight years to build. 
Its carvings, me work or Huicar, a celebrated Spanish sculptor, are marvelous. 
The tacade, especially, is rich in design. Besides Our Lady of Guadalupe 
there are ngures of San Jose, San Benedictine, San Augustine and San 
rrancisco. These statues mostly occupy recesses with conch like canopies 
and wonderful cornices. Sacred hearts and cherubs' heads are blended with 
conventional designs nch in curves and scrolls. The south window of 
the baptistry is considered by judges to be the finest gem of architectural 
ornamentation existing in America to-day. 

Directly facing the building 
stands the granary, with its 
picturesque nying buttresses and 
arched roof. Mexican families 
still cluster about the mission 
and add the necessary bit of 
local color to the grimness of 
the silent old walls. 

The entrance to the present 
chapel, the original baptistry, 
IS through an ancient pair of 
hand carved cedar double doors. 
The arch and side stones are 




The Entrance to the Chapel. 



20 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 



beautifully sculptured. In this little cKapel services are still Keld occasion- 
ally. The walls back of the altar are decorated with gaudy patchwork dis- 
tinctly Mexican, and the altar itself is enriched with gaily colored paper roses, 
papier mache animals, and bright hued candles placed there as offerings by 
the pious. 

A double series of arches ex- 
tending from the building mark the 
cloisters and cells. Corner in his 
San Antonio de Bexar says: "In 
1859 some Benedictine fathers arriv- 
ed here from St. Vincent s Abbey 
in the Pittsburg Diocese, Pennsylva- 
nia, with the intention of rebuilding 
these rooms and cloisters for schol- 
astic purposes. The intention was 
only partially carried into effect. The 
industrious fathers rebuilt many of the 
upper Gothic arches, as far as can be 
learned, manufacturing their own red 
bricks for the purpose and making 
the big oven at the east end. 

Their plans were never carried out, doubtless owing to the fact that the 
civil war created so much turmoil and such a great upheaval that it was 
found best to abandon it. 




Our Lady of Guadalupe; 
a detail of carving' on front door. 



^caf ^mitlj, tl)c Ijlcxaa §coitt. 

Deaf to sweet chidhood s lisping tones, when singing 
Amid the prairie wild flowers, gladly ringing; 
Deaf to the lapse of murmuring water s sound. 
Deaf to earth s many voices echoing round. 
But feeling thy great need, I started with a bound. 

Deaf to my mother s song; yes, deaf to that sweet strain 

That memory for manhood murmurs o er again. 

Deaf to the parting words of friend, who by the knife 

Of savage foeman yielded up his life. 

But never deaf to thee, amid thy storm and strife. 

From out our country s needs grew up the power 
Of keener instincts, suited to the hour; 
Though deaf to all, with heart, and brain and eye, 
I felt what others heard, and feeling thy deep cry. 
My strength was thine. Oh, Texas, live or die! 

Julia Lee Sinks. 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 



21 



#an 3)»«i"' or '(l^l1ir^ illission. 



Mission San Juan is less pic- 
turesque and remarkable tkan eith- 
er Concepcion or San Jose, but it 
nas the same general plan of 
chapel, convent and granary. 

The mission received its name 
from Santo Giovanni di Capis- 
trano, a friar of the Franciscan 
order. The mission was begun 
March 5th, 1731. This mission, 
unlike those of Concepcion and 
San Jose, forms part of and is 
built into the boundary wall. It 
IS claimed that in the neighbor- 
hood of this mission among the 
Mexicans are to be found more 
distinct traces of the Indian in 
faces and characteristics than any- 
where else m Texas. 

Nearby is the old aqueduct made 
by the Franciscan fathers over a 
hundred and fifty years ago. A 
series of low, massive arches extremely picturesque, carries the water over 
the Piedra creek to irrigate the land of the fourth mission. On bright days 
the women of the neighborhood are congregated there with their family wash- 
mgs, and their presence adds the only needed bit of atmosphere. 

The three bells of this mission are rung three times a day. A move- 
ment to restore this building is under way. 




22 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 



#an 3^rancisco Itc la ^s^)a^a; or JPourtIt ^'RJssion. 



About nine miles^from the city, in 
a charmingly beautiful spot on the west 
bank or the river, the grim remains of 
this old mission speak eloquently of 
the burning zeal of the Franciscan 
fathers. It was erected in 1731. Tradi- 
tion says that the old tower of the 
chapel was built in the form of the 
hilt of a sword, and the mission 
named after "St. Francis of the 
Sword. ' For years good Father 
Bonchu served the people as priest, 
physician, photographer and stone 
mason, and his name is still rever- 
enced among them. Tradition also 
tells that the mortar used in building 
the walls was mixed with asses milk 
THK ^---^^•--Nc..^Guo..^^o^^■^T„K Tkx...s ^^ich the priests consecrated to the. 




A beautiful grove of trees occupies the square which is still plainly 
outlined by the crumbling walls, and the well yet furnishes refreshment to 
the Mexican families which reside in tumble down jacals. 

It was in this square that the Texas army of independence first made 
its camping ground, and it was also here that Austin joined the troops as 
commander in chief upon his escape from Mexico. 

A movement is on foot for the restoration of the old building, and it is 
planned that Christmas day will see the fruition of these hopes, and that its 
walls will again resound with songs of praise and thanksgiving. 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 



23 



%\;}t Patl)os of a <£onclu Wxie 




"How wonderful to nnd this bit oi old world architecture on the lonely 
praine. The artist who designed it and carveJ it into this beautiful pro- 
portion and symetrywas a Spaniard. He crossed the seas to make a fortune 
for the girl he loved, who was to wat for him, keeping faith, until he should 
return. Years went by, anl thj girl griw sick at heart with hope deferred. 
Lefters were few, time was making lines on her brow; other lovers were 
suing for her hand; her father and mother died; — you can guess what fol- 
lowed. Many women have done the same before, and many will do it again. 
She accepted a man who could take care of her, and the poor devil across 
the seas was forgoften. 



24 SAN ANTONIO, HISTOIUCAL AND MODERN. 

"He, in tKe meantime, worked on, for hope nestled in his heart. The 
day came when everythmg was ready for his return to claim his bride. He 
achieved fame and fortune. Just as he was starting for the liftle Spanish 
village across the waters, he received the news of his sweetheart s disloyalty. 
He forfeited his passage money and joined a body of priests who were on 
their way to the wilds of Texas. Later he assumed their vows, donned 
their habit, and put love and the world behind him. When this Mission 
was planned he asked permission to help build it, and it was then that his 
companions discovered that he was a skilled artisan, a genius, in fact, who 
might have had the world at his feet had he continued to work in it and 
for it. . 

"This window, said by experts to be as perfect in form and workman- 
ship as anythmg found in the cathedrals of the old world, is the memorial he 
left of himself. The winter after it was nnished he caught a severe cold 
and died of diseased lungs; but the Brothers knew that it was of a broken 
heart. He had wrought into this window the pathos and passion of his 
lonely life, and there was no vitality left to carry him any further on the 
road." NORA FRANKLIN McCORMICK. 



The Passing Show, a weekly journal of public interest published in San 
Antonio, has adopted the window as its permanent cover design. The 
original drawing was made by Miss Flo Eager, who is now the wife of 
Major Roberts of the United States Army. 

Subscriptions to the Passing Show may be secured at any news stand, 
or directly from the publishers at two dollars a year. 



fff 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTOKICAL AND MODEKN. 



25 




The Vebamendi Doors — from a drawing by Julia Johnston. 



'S^ii tl|c IJcrantenM. 



'So many years have known you. 
So many tongues have told you. 
Release the chain that holds you. 
Release the charm that enfolds you. 
Ancient Veramendi. 



"Tell of the one whose soul unshriven 
Entrance sought to fields elysian; 
One whose passing cast a halo 
Over court and street and wmdow. 
Sacred Veramendi. 



"Court whose sou was thus made holy 
By a grave, unmarked and lowly. 
Thus the fates with glory crowned thee. 
To our hearts with blood hath bound thee, 
Milam's Veramendi. 



Emily King Cooley. 



26 SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODEEN. 



"Sljc 13e^:amcn^i♦ 



IT was in September, 1830, that Senor Juan Martin Veramendi was elect- 
ed vice-governor of the state of CoaKuila and Texas. The election gave 
great satisfaction to Texas, as the new vice-governor was a resident or 
San Antonio, and a man of justice and liberal principles. 

The president of the Republic of Mexico, Bustamante, had been very- 
unfavorable to the colonization of Texas by people from the United States, 
and the officials who preceded Veramendi curried favor with the powers by 
establishing marshal law, talking the property away from colonists, and forbid- 
ding their settlement in Texas. 

It was at this time that James Bowie made his appearance on the scene 
He is described as "quite sociable, and somewhat disposed to intemperance, but 
never drunk. He was also said to be possessed of a great personal mag- 
netism and extremely free with his money. His muscular power was won- 
derful and his brother said it was a favorite sport with him to rope and ride 
alligators. Of course he only indulged himself in that amusement in Louisiana, 
because the San Antonio river has never been sluggish enough to support 
alligators. 

However, his physical perfections and prowess enabled him to woo and 
win Ursula Veramendi, the dark eyed daughter of the vice-governor. Their 
married happiness was short lived, however, for Mrs. Bowie, in the troublous 
times which were fast approaching, was sent to Mexico with her family, 
where, she died of small pox, and her husband gave his life to the cause of 
Texas liberty with Travis and Crockett and Bonham in the Alamo. 

So it is pleasant to remember that the grim old walls of the Veramendi 
house still standing on Soledad Street between Houston and Commerce, have 
listened to the romance and poetry of loves s young dream, as well as to the 
horror and tragedy of war. 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 



'H 



j3ttcl)es 



In days oi old me 
irrigation ditcKes were 
called "acequias. 
Their building was an 
inspiration of tlie holy 
Franciscans, and they 
enter into the history 
of the city to a great 
degree as a knowledge 
of the building of ace- 
quias means an insight 
into the early history 
of the city. The for- 
mation of a company 
of share holders, the 
permission of his 
Majesty, flie King of 
Spain, through his rep- 
resentative, the gov- 
ernor, the election or 
appointment of the 
Acequiador, (uie 
constructor of ace- 
The Only Ditch Left May be Seen on N. Flukes St. quias) flie drawing 

of lots among the shareholders of flie company for the "suertas of land, the 
blessing of the water, and flie great feast on the day of their completion, all 
read like a romance. 

The king granted these rights upon condition that the owners thereof 
should keep the channels clean and clear; the locks, water-gates, sluices, 
fences, aqueducts, etc., in proper repair, and upon further condition that each 
owner would agree to keep one horse, with arms and ammunition, always in 
readiness for die protection of the colony. 

The Pajalache, or Concepcion ditch, was the oldest ot the " acequias. 
It served its purpose about one hundred and forty years, and was hnally 
abandoned in 1869. It was provided with water by a high dam built across 
the river a short distance above the dam of the old Lewis mill. Through a 
deep cut flie waters flowed soufliward paralleling Garden street to water die 
vinyards of Mission Concepcion, and to join {he river below, irrigating die 
valley by means of laterals. This " acequia," tradition has it, was 
made so deep and wide that the fathers and Indians kept boats upon it, and 




28 SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODEEN. 

used it as a means of transportation between tKe presidio and missions. In 
places its course may still be traced. 

San Pedro ditcb is fed by tKe bead waters of flie San Pedro Springs. It 
takes its course down Nortb Floras street, a picturesque bit of flie past. 

Tbe Alamo Madre ditch was built to supply water to me Alamo mis- 
sion. Its source was tbe bead of tbe river, and its course a little east of 
River Avenue. One of its branches, until very recently, flowed by flie east 
end of Alamo cburcb, (tbe channel stilll remains), and it is said to have 
supplied the besieged with water in the terrible struggle of 1836. A lateral 
of this branch reached around the north and western boundaries of Alamo 
Plaza, passed in front of the stores facing the plaza, through the opera house 
grounds and thence to the river on Crockett street. 

In the county records may be found many documents relating to the 
acequia known as the Upper Labor. This ditch had its source in the head 
of the river, took its course down the rock quarry road, reached around 
Tobin Hill, across San Pedro Avenue and joined the San Pedro ditch at 
the Rodriguez property near the west extremity of Laurel street. 

Each "mother ditch had its laterals, the laterals in turn had branches, 
here, there and everywhere, and it will thus be seen that the network of irri- 
gating ditches, together with the river, made of the valley a garden spot. 
Where these ditches intersected, a crossing was made by means of a "canoa,' 
as the Spanish records have it — a canoe or hollowed log of cypress. 

The day of the primitive waterworks system is a thing of flie past, and 
only one of the ditches remains. Today the city may boast of the finest 
system af waterworks, and the most unlimited supply of pure, crystal clear 
artesian water in the entire soufliland, so the old ditches, having served 
their purpose, are relegated to the past. 



fff 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 



29 




WHEN in the historic city or San Antonio it will be worth your 
while to visit the San Fernando Cemetery. It cannot be reached 
by street car, but lies about two miles from the city hall, across 

Carr's Hill to 
the extreme 
southwestern 
portion. En- 
closed by a 
high stone wall 
and far from 
the dm and 
noise of our 
prosperous 
city, it rests 
peaceful and 
quiet in its lone- 
liness, the still- 
ness broken 

only by the singing of mockingbirds in the mesquite trees, the twang of a 
guitar sounding from the Mexican jacals in the vicinity, or the occasional 
whistle of the Aransas Pass train speeding along at the foot of this "city 
of the dead.' 

The older residents of the city, and there are not so many with us now, 
remember when this place was unknown, but a lot and a half, enclosed by a 
stone wall, was owned by the Catholics where the imposing Santa Rosa hos- 
pital now stands. Here other dead were laid away. Just outside was the 
Protestant grave yard, but as time swept over the little town, she arose, 
rubbed her sleepy eyes, and stretching out her arms for more breathing space, 
pushed aside these little earth mounds and lo! fairy like in their place stood 
macadamized Houston Street, Milam park, and later the Market House. 

As one enters the wide gate in the stone wall, and pauses for a moment 
beneath the iron arch bearing the inscription, "Cementerio de San Fernando, " 
perhaps the most noticeable thing will be the manner in which space has been 
utilized, as in many instances one grave almost overlaps the other, nearly 
every one being marked by a white or black wooden cross, many of these 
conspicuous in their crudeness, being the handiwork of the loved one left to 
mourn. Twined about the arms of these crosses one sees wreaths of paper 
or cloth roses; in most instances the colors selected bring black or white, but 
red, blue, yellow and green are used. 



30 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 




Campo Santo de San Fernando. 

The atmospliere or every cemetery is laden with sad and pathtt'c impres- 
sions, but in tnis one in particular, used so much by the poorer classes of 
Mexicans, there is such a note or humbleness and contrition in accepting the 
will or God, that one s heartstrings are touched when standing by some mound 
and seeing the manner in which the grave has been cared for by the sleeping 
one s relatives or friends. For instance, a baby s grave has been inclosed by 
a wooden cradle in which the little one lay sleeping before God called it to 
Himself, and on the piece of tin at its foot, "Babita mia, (my baby) is all 
that one will ever know of its little life. 

Another grave has a whiskey flask tied with a piece of twine to a wooden 
slab. Inclosed in the bottle, in some seemingly miraculous way. is a small 
tin cross covered with tiny paper roses. One finds many tin boxes with 
pictures of the Blessed Virgin or infant Jesus under glass covers, and one of 
these boxes represents a window with the small dotted swiss curtains drawn 
back and tied with red ribbons. In another place is a highly ornate cross 
which has a square piece of tin fastened to its center. This has been painted 
white, a wreath of blue and pink flowers with green leaves adorns it and the 
following inscription is printed thereon: "El nino Juan Cardova — Fallecio 
el 21 de Nov. 1903 a La Edad 5 afios. Su Padre le Dedica Este Recuerdo." 

Again one sees large paper roses tied to a bush growing on the grave or 
a ngure of a gilded half moon, the nose of which is being roughly pulled by 
the little mischievous Cupid. 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 31 

One grave has electric ligKt globes sunk into the top in the shape of a 
ross and there are many covered with gaily colored hottles and shells. Many 
weather beaten slabs bear the dates 1855, 1858 or 1860 and on the stones 
are such names as Santa Ana Aya, Santos V. de Montalvo, Maria Oca de 
Cantu, Vencesladita Chagoya, Angelita G. de Correon, Josefina Hernandez, 
Juan Cortez, bringing to mind the old Spanish grandees and the days of 
Mexican chivalry and romance. 

Many of the oldest, best known Mexicans, and some of our German, 
Italian and French citizens, have their loved ones sleeping here. The well 
kept lots and elegant monuments bear the names of Bryan Callaghan, father 
of our present mayor, Dunbar, Castafiola, Devine, Mocegemba, Garza, Cas- 
siano; Giraud Jaques, one of the oldest American families to settle in San 
Antonio, and John Twohig of the Mier expedition fame, who for many years 
w^as one of our best known bankers. 

In the center of the cemetery is a large statue of Christ on the cross. 
It has stood there for many years, but about Christmas time it was newly 
painted and decorated. Today at its foot may be seen a large mound of 
small stones, placed there one by one, by different penitents, each rock 
representing a prayer. Here also lies the late Bishop Neraz, so well known 
in the Catholic diocese of Southwest Texas. To the left of this statue may 
be found a plot set aside for the nuns, each grave being marked by a small 
wooden cross bearing an image of the sacred heart, and an inscription, "Pray 
for. ..." and then the name of the sister sleeping beneath. 

All Souls and all Saints days find the quiet little cemetery wakeful in 
its gorgeousness. For months the poorer Mexicans have saved and denied 
themselves perhaps the actual necessities of life, to bring their little offerings 
to the loved ones gone before, and to be able to have the priest visit the grave 
to sprinkle it with holy water and chant the Latin prayers. 

If the angel of death has taken an infant from a lowly home, the cradle 
is decorated with paper flowers and brought to the cemetery and placed upon 
the little mound. If the family happens to possess an enlarged picture of the 
departed loved one, it is draped in black and hung upon the cross of the slab 
for these two days. Wreaths of laurel and paper flowers, fringes of white 
and black cloth, and crosses of beads are all fashioned by patient and loving 
hands, and an observer standing here wonders if the loved ones sleeping can 
know and see and feel this sweet self-sacriflce, and if they are happier for it 
in the great unknown. 

Perhaps the chief and most and marked trait in the Mexican character, 
especially among the lower classes, is the unbounded faith they have in God s 
mercy, and the wisdom of his plans. Sea por Dios (as God wills), is the 
motto that fits every event, happy or sad, that breaks the monotony of their 



32 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 



lowly lives, and so, like them, we feel after visiting this little "cementerio," 
that lengthened breath is not always the sweetest gift that God can send us, 
and that His plans move on as best for you and me. This is only one of 
the lessons learned in this quaint old Campo Santo de San Fernando. 

Nannie E. White. 




A Mexican Jacal Near the Cemetery. 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 33 



^cxic^n ^Icmcnf in #6itt JVnt0nia. 



AMONG the many attractive features of San Antonio, there is none 
that appeals more to the lover of the picturesque, than the impress of 
the Mexican element. And not alone is this true of the more salient 
features, but of the little homely details, the familiar sights, that to residents 
here have become so much a matter of course that they are scarcely noticed, 
though the same things, if seen abroad, would strike them as full of novelty 
and charm, things which are so full of interest to tourists. The plazas seem 
to hold echoes of the past, and one can almost fancy the sound of the guitar 
and the Spanish love song lingering yet among the shadows, but there are 
many others, whose charm is of the present, equally as fascinating and com- 
pelling. The little Mexican jacals themselves, as dwellings of the very poor, 
have not a parallel. Woven as ingeniously as a bird s nest, of every con- 
ceivable material, they rival Henry Grady s "Patchwork Palace' in in- 
genuity of construction, and far outstrip it in picturesqueness of setting and 
environment. One of these miniature homes on one of the principal streets, 
leans in most confiding juxtaposition to a thriving up to date beer saloon, 
with the street cars running directly in front, the river and a tangle of wild 
wood at the back. It is too low for any position except reclining, and its 
occupants evidently use it only for this purpuse, as all their household du- 
ties are naively performed out of doors, a free open air clinic in domestic 
science, with the pelon dogs and pretty naked brown children tumbling about 
promiscuously, and the head of the family peacefully smoking cigarettes m a 
chair leaning against which ever happens to be the shady wall. 

It is the frequent occurrence of such pictures as this that gives to San 
Antonio her distinctive charm, and air of "difference, as well as the con- 
stant appearance in the streets of the different types. Here is the "tamale 
man " with his little portable stove and wailing cry which a stranger might 
mistake for a muezzin call until it is translated for him as being "hot tama- 
les " which in turn is explained to mean a Mexican dainty consisting of a 
very small amount of meat and pepper wrapped up in a slightly more gener- 
ous shell of corn dough and the whole enveloped in a very voluminous outer 
garment of shucks. The women passing about in the streets with shawls 
draped about head and shoulders are notable in a throng where individuals 
of every other nationality wear hats. 



34 SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 

The barefooted children, almost all of whom are beautiful and who are 
usually clad in little else beside their pulchritude, lend a foreign air to every 
public place, and there, too, is the candy man crying his "dulcies in his soft 
persuasive voice so different from the abrupt business like tones of the other 
vendors. 

The Mexican beggar is a type distinct and alone. There is nothing ex- 
actly like him anywhere else on earth. His innrmities, which are the assests 
of his craft, are many and ostentatiously displayed and though one may be 
confident that the cruelest of them will disappear in the privacy of home, 
still the tremblings and quaverings, the hideous deformities and piteously 
rolling eyes, combined with murmured prayers and benedictions, never fail 
to beguile a coin from the most unbelieving Samaritan. With the Mexican, 
begging is a profession, honorable to all but particularly sacred to the aged 
and infirm, and they approach their benefactors with none of the slouching 
debased air of the white tramp, nor the cringing humility, (or impud-ence as 
the case may be), of the negro, but with gentle confidence and good fellow- 
ship, and bounteous return of smiles and blessing, likening one to all the 
saints and angels in heaven, and commending one to the good graces of 
"Maria y Jesus y Deos with such ardor and confidence that the bestower 
of the charity feels that his small alms is but a base return for so muck 
good invoked. 

They are a gentle and courteous people, old and young, and appeal to the 
sympathies and the imagination as children do. 

But the Mexican feature "par excellence of San Antonio is the chili 
stand which for some years had been relegated to the nether world known 
as the "West side but which of late has been again permitted to establisk 
itself in the shadow of the gray Alamo, where it rightly belongs, the one 
enhancing the other in a picture stanching out clear and distinct as a silhouette 
from the conventional surroundings. Here, as soon as the shades of even- 
ing begin to fall, as if by magic, rows of little tables spring up, flanked by 
long seats, fires burn brightly, odors of garlic and chili fill the air, and the 
chill queen plies her trade. Where but an hour ago was a vacant space, or 
one given over to moving vans, now a busy little community of the "un- 
der-world' is still alive. 

Whole families are at work, some times four generations, for they are 
long lived these Mexicans. "Papa is chopping meat and lading out chili 
con came for the thron gof customers, and superintending things generally; 
"Mamma tends the glowing furnace whereon are cooked the tortillas and 
enchilladas, the chih and sopa de arroz ; small boys run briskly about on 
divers errands, followed by patient but expectant dogs, and the senoritas- 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 35 

tend the tables and attract custom, while "mamma grande in the back- 
ground plies the metate stone, and amuses the baby lying on the ground; 
keeping time to the click of the metate with her nodding head, she drones 

"Pon pon tata 

Medecita por mama, 

Medecita por papa 

Yi un por me chiquita. 
the Mexican version of the world wide "pat-a-cake. 

It is all very picturesque and very foreign, and yet so familiar and in- 
timate, so much our very own, that as the "wee sma hours approach and 
the little tables and fires fade into the nothingness from whence they sprang, 
we are glad to know that "manana will bring them back again; that despite 
the destroying hand of "progress and "improvement some of the land 
marks will stand and that our Mexicans "are always with us. ' 

GUSSIE SCOTT CHANEY. 



[The following' poem was written by the grand-daughter of Mrs. Elizabeth Ogden, one 
of the Texas pioneers. The fact that the writer is still a young girl, gives much promise 
for the future.] 

The sea! the sea! the glistening sea. 
The bright, flie blue, flie ever free! 
Gafliering color from flie summer skies 
That can rival only babies eyes. 
See how it sparkles in flie brilliant sun. 
How up flie beach tiny wavelets run. 
To break in a rim of silver foam! 
And then sink back to their ocean home. 

The sea! me sea! the angry sea. 
The grey, flie sublime, flie ever free! 
Tossing its white-capped waves so high 
They seem to meet and strike me sky! 
And up the flie beach, wifli suddden shock. 
They burst against me light-house rock. 
With fearful roar, and crash and force; 
And none but God can change flieir course. 

MARY ELIZABETH WILSON. 



36 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 



''^\}t cXmcrican Piltouac on tlic |8anks of tijc ^io C$ranbc." 

By G. W. Patton, U. S. A. 
(This poem was copied from a very old book of poems now in the Alamo,) 



"A song went up at the close of tlie day 
From the shining lands where the gold mines lay; 
Strangely the while mid citrus ripe 
Glistened the flag of me stars and stripes. 
There were foreign hands in flie sunset light. 
Lying at their ease on their falchions bright, 
And fliey lifted flieir heads flie vines among. 
At the thrilling sounds of flieir native tongue. " 



"Tis glorious — 0! Tis glorious, 
( Glad voices swell flie lay ) 
Flags amid the citron trees! 
And flie trump that wakes flie day! 
The lances bathed in liquid light — 
And flie steeds that swepet the plain — 
Tis glorious — 0! tis glorious. 
On flie charge again! 



"Nay! glorious — 0! 'tis glorious - 

( Rang flie exultant cry ) 

To mark flie floating of flie stripes 

Amid flie battle cry ; 

Beside flie eagle's glittering crest. 

To watch its proud career. 

And with an arm above flie rest. 

To strike mid shout and cheer. " 



"But 'tis lonely — 0! tis lonely; 

(A voice desponding sighed) 

That we should leave flie peaceful hearth 

For the battle s stormy tide; 

That we should change for language 

strange 
Fond words we understood. 

Tis lonely — 0! tis lonely 
This march through foreign lands. " 



Tis lonely, 0! tis lonely; 
(Still sighed the yearning heart) 
All day we hear flie roll fliat tells 
How human hopes depart; 
Lo! cross his hands upon his 

breast, 
Which beat like yours for fame; 
And bear him to fliat place of rest, 
A grave without a name. 



And uie song was hushed on flie evening breeze, 
And the day grew dim through flie plantain trees. 
And flie brows that were lit by flie sunset West 
On flie palm leaf pillows drooped down in rest 
Some to recall their native sky. 
And some to dream of victory. " 






SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 37 

fthnt^ farmer ht #cin Antanta* 

IDNEY LANIER spent the time from April, 1872, to Dec 

1873, in San Antonio in search of Kealtli. That his 

^^ O n|»^ poetical nature was highly susceptible to the charms of 

^W ^-^ r^l^ natural environment and cosmopolitan life is shown by 

his historical sketch of "San Antonio ae Bexar, which 

Mr. Corner has incorporated in his book of the same 

name. It is the most readable short story of Texas history which has ever 

been written, touched as it is with the fire of genius, and relieved by 

characteristic bits of humor. 

Mr. Hilton R. Greer, in writing of this experience of Lanier s life for 
the Passing Show of July 6th, 07, says: — 

"Poet though he was of the truest type, Sidney Lanier was nrst and 
always the musician. He reveled m the harmony of sweet sounds and 
under the spell of melody was lifted to a sphere of exaltation that bordered 
on spirt-trance. 

He found keenest delight in intimate soul-touch with musicians and 
here in San Antonio he met kindred spirits, for then as now the very at- 
mosphere of the city bred a passionate love for music in its many forms. 

The following letter to his wife, discovered in old nles of Scribner s 
Magazine, where it was printed with others a few years after the poet s 
death, is possessed of special interest to the musicians of San Antonio, pre- 
senting as it does a phase of the musical life of that time. 

"San Antonio, Jan. 30, 1873. 

"Last night at 8 o'clock came Mr. Schiedemantel, a genuine lover of 
music and a fine pianist, to take me to the Maennerchor, which meets every 
Wednesday night for practice. Quickly we came to a hall, one end of 
which was occupied by a minute stage with appurtenances, and a piano, and 
in the middle thereof a long table at which each singer sat down as he 
came in. 

"Presently seventeen Germans were seated at the singing table, long- 
necked bottles of Rhine wine were opened and tasted, great pipes and cigars 
were all afire, the leader, Herr Thielepape — an old man with a long white 
beard and moustache, formerly mayor of tne city — rapped his tuning fork 
vigorously, gave the chords by rapid arpef^^ios of his voice (a wonderful, 
wild, high tenor such as thou wouldst dream the old Welsh harpers had, 
wherewith to sing sonjs that would cut against the fierce sea blasts) and off 
they all swung into such a noble, noble old German full voiced /ie^ that 
imperious tears rushed to my eyes and I could scarce restrain myself from 
running and kissing each one in turn, an 1 from howling dolefully the while- 



38 SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 

"And so — with these great chords — we drove through the evening until 
twelve o clock, absorbing immense quantities of Rhine wine and beer, 
whereof I imbibed my full share. After the second song I was called on to 
play, and lifted my poor old flute in air with tumultuous beating heart, for 
I had no confidence in that or in myself. 

"But (ill Himmelf Thou shouldst have heard mine old love warble 
herself forth. To my utter astonishment, I was perfect master of the instru- 
ment. Is not this most strange? Thou knowest I had never learned it, 
and thou rememberest what a poor muddle I made at Marietta in playing 
difficult passages; and I certainly have not practiced; and yet there I com- 
manded and the blessed notes obeyed me, and when I had finished amid a 
storm of applause Herr Thielepape arose and ran to me and grasped my 
hand and declared that he 'had nefer heert der flute accompany itself pefore. 
T played once more during the evening and ended with even more 
rapturous bravos than before, Mr. Schiedemantel grasping my hand this time 
and thanking me very earnestly. 

"My heart, which was hurt greatly when I went into the music room, 
came forth from the holy bath of concords greatly strengthened and quieted 
and so remained today. I also feel better than in a long time before. 
Moreover, I am still master of the flute, and she hath given forth to me 
today such tones as I have never heard from a flute before. 

"For these things I humbly thank God. 



"San Antonio, Historical and Modern was not designed as only a 
history, nor as merely a guide to the city. A popular historical sketch may 
be found in Corner s "San Antonio de Bexar, which may be had at the 
Carnegie Library, while "The Visitor s Guide, published by Nic Tengg 
meets the requirements of tourists and sight-seers to the city most ex- 
cellently. 

The idea which the publishers have endeavored to carry out was to 
preserve some of the quaint and characteristic bits of romance and history 
which has made San Antonio such a charming memory to all who have 
fallen under the spell of its attractions. 

The cover design is especially unique in that it contains the six flags 
which have waved over Texas at the varying stages of its existence. These 
flags were studied out by Mr. William Moore White and are historically 
correct. Mr. White has had the design copy-righted, and it was through his 
courtesy and the interest which he has in the book that the publishers were 
permitted to use it. 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTOKICAL AND MODERN. 



39 



%lft #an ^ntoiti0 J^ttr^r^ 




Spanish Moss in Its Native Haunt 



THERE is always sometKing of beauty and of romance about even 
the most prosaic of rivers, but a winding, sparkling stream, dallying 
with the sunbeams in open spaces, then halting in deep, dark pools 
under shelter of great pecan trees only to dash on into cascades and water- 
falls; — such a river is singing love songs from morning to night. 

The San Antonio river, from the time it bursts forth in Brackenridge 
park, begins its sinuous course, curving , twisting, winding its way throughout 
the heart of the city, affording many picturesque bits of sylvan beauty. In 
some places overhanging trees are silhoutted in its clear, mirror like depths, 
in others great clumps of bananas lend a tropical atmosphere the year round, 
for in their sheltered positions they are often untouched by frost. 

From the earliest day, the river has contributed greatly to the pleasure 
of the inhabitants of the city, as well as to its beauty. A former mayor 
of the city, Mr. Giraud, appreciating its wonderful possibilities for landscape 
effects, advocated leaving a broad driveway of twenty varras on either side 
of the s+ream, hut his council were too short-sighted to support him in the 
movement, and now, alas! buildings have encroached upon its domains, and 
instead of the beautiful curve of natural shoe hne, one is often compelled to 
look upon stiff lines formed by brick and mortar, and it is only by leaving 
the city limits that one can appreciate its real beauty. 



40 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 



Boating was once the favorite sport, and bathing too, many families 
havmg their own bath houses on the river s edge. Indeed the river was 
^he evening resort for both old and young. 




CJoMMERCE Has Not ENCaoACHED Here. 




A Clump of Bananas at St. Mary Strekt Bridge, Dec. 18th. 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 



41 



iParks unit ^kscis 




San Antonio is known throughout me 
state as the city of parks, and it justly 
deserves this appellation. The beautiful 
streams which have their rise within the 
city limits have done more than the hand 
of man could possibly accomplish to- 
wards furnishing ideal attractions for 
pleasure resorts. San Pedro Park is {he 
oldest, and within its boundaries some of 
the most stirring events in the history of 
the city have taken place. It was about 
these lovely springs, under the spreading 
live oaks and stately pecans, that the In- 
dians struck their tepees, and it was here 

Late Park CommTssicfn'y'r!' mfst designed Canary Island seftlers camped on that 
by Pompeo Coppini November day in 1730, when they first 

reached San Antonio de Bexar. All of the land included in this park was 

a part of the original royal Spanish grant 1729, and has always been a 

public resort. 

tlje ||fab of tl|e ^mt 

The "Head of the River", about four miles from the center of the city, 
has always been noted as a place of exquisite beauty, and has been the scene 
as well of historical and social events of more than usual interest. 

The San Antonio riverhasits rise in numerous springs that gush from the 
sides of rocky ledges, or boil up here and there in the green valley shaded by 
gigantic, moss laden oaks and carpeted by the most gorgeous wild flowers in 
the spring time. The largest of these is known as the Worth Spring, be- 
cause it was here that General Worth camped on his return from the Mexican 
war, and here he died with cholera in the year 1849, and was buried nearby. 
His remains have since been removed to the National cemetery. 

The first house built on this property was that of Mayor Sweet, the 
father of Alex Sweet of Texas Siftings fame. The Sweets kept open house, and 
one of the events of the times was a large reception given to General Sam 
Houston. 

Soon after the close of the war the property passed into the hands of 
George W. Brackenridge who built an elegant house suited in style of arch- 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 



43 



itecture to tKe natural beauties of tKe landscape, the old Sweet home re- 
maining, however, a picturesque annex to the more modern dwelling. For 
years this was the show place of Texas, and many distinguished guests found 
entertainment under its hospitable roof. Gen. U. S. Grant, Brignolia, the 
gifted Italian, McCullough the actor, Theodore Tilton, Count Szechenzi, 
Moody and Sankey, and many other notables were at various times the 
guests of the Brackenridges. 




Geo. W. Brackenridge 



There is no one in San Antonio who does not speak with pride of 
Brackenridge Park, which may be reached by River Avenue car, but 
as it contains fliree hundred and twenty-five acres, and more flian 
twenty miles of winding roads, it is well for the visitor to take a cab or 
automobile. This park is one of flie most perfect specimens of true sylvan 
beauty mat the world affords. It was a gift to me city from George W. 
Brackenridge, a truly royal gift, (and one which will be appreciated more and 
more as time goes on), it having been a part of me Brackenridge estate 
known as the "Head of the River . 



u 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 



The river winds and twists Its sinuous way flirough the entire length of 
the park, affording many delightful rambles and picturesque bits for "snap 
shots . A stroll down Lover's Lane, will make one feel that he has truly 
reached the Lotus land. Large live oaks, laden with Spanish moss, form 
graceful arches over the broad drive ways. Herds of deer, elk and buffalo, 
together with many hares and beautiful birds, already form the beginning of 
an interesting Zoo. 

Mahncke park, containing ninety-mree acres, is connected by a driveway 
with Brackenrldge Park and lies within close touch with the military post 
and the drill grounds. This ground, too, was given by Mr. Brackenrldge 
for park purposes, and it was named for Ludwig Mahncke. 

Smaller parks and plazas abound In great numbers. The most notable 
of these Is Alamo Plaza, in the very heart of the city, and fronting the his- 
toric Alamo. It IS gay now with beautiful flowers and tropical foliage, but 
It Is the present In the light of the past, that gives the note of Interest to the 
stranger. Every night chill stands fill the vacant places. These are lighted 
by flaming lamps, and a typical Mexican cuisine is served. A few years 
ago the city authorities ordered these stands removed, but they had become 




Alamo Plaza looking toward the Federal Building. 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 45 

such a picturesque part of San Antonio life that public sentiment demanded 
tlieir return. 

Alamo plaza is also the principal scene of the "Baftle of Flowers" an 
annual festival wnicn is observed on San Jacinto day, April 21st. 



Military plaza was laid out in 1731 under tbe direction of tbe royal 
commissioners, Don Jose Antonio de Ville, and Senor Sanchez. (The City 
Hall now occupies the center of the plaza.) The palace of the governor 
and army quarters outlined the square. An old hitching ring, and a long 
low adobe building distinguished by the arms of Spain and Austria en- 
twined above the door, mark the remnants of the palace of Governor Anto- 
nio Cordero. 

Governor Cordero s life was a stormy one, and his end uncertain. 
Some historians assert that he was executed for treason. Others allege that 
he was loyal to Spain and was among the Magee prisoners and executed by 
Delgado in revenge while on the way to Mexico, but the Cassiano family 
traditions claim that he escaped and died at Durang :. Mexico, and there his 
grave may be seen to the present day. This is dov.i,.:! ?gs authentic, for an 
ancestor of Jose Cassiano, (his grandfather, in fact) married the widow of 
Governor Cordero. Mrs. Gertrude Cassiano Smith (Mrs. C. P. Smith) has 
in her possession a beautifully illuminated book of her family genealogy, 
which is an exquisite piece of workmanship, as well as a historic relic of rare 
value. 

On the opposite corner was the Navarro house which was a contested 
location during Milam s attack, and St. Joseph s Orphanage now stands where 
the priests house was captured in the storming of San Antonio. The Mex- 
ican soldiers were quartered on the east side back of San Fernando 
Cathedral. 

'S^rmris |3ark 

Travis Park is known as the site for churches. On one corner stands 
Travis Park Methodist church, another has the Jewish Synagogue, and still 
another is given to St. Mark s Episcopal church. The foundation stone of 
the lafter church was laid in December, 1859. It contains a fine old bell 
made from a cannon found at the corner of Houston street and Avenue D, 
supposed to have been used in the Magee expedition, 1813. 



46 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 




St. Mark's Episcopal Church, Travis Park. 



Altliougli tHe plaza or the Alamo is the best known, it was by no means 
Here that all of the stirring events of the early days were transacted. Tne 
colony from the Canary Islands made their first permanent seftlement on 
Main Plaza where now stands the San Fernando Cathedral and County 
Court House. In those days so prosaic a name would not be tolerated and 
it was musically called the Plaza de los Islas, because it was about this 
space the sixteen Canary Islanders selected the sites for their homes. These 
included the Flores, Martinez, Yturri, de Granados and other important 
families, the descendants of whom still live in San Antonio. The South- 
ern Hotel was the old Cassiano homestead, and where Frost National Bank 
now stands was the Evans store. Augusta Evans Wilson, the famous 
daughter of the store keeper, lived there, and wrote "Inez, or a Tale of the 
Alamo", under the shadow of the cathedral walls. In 1836 Santa Anna 
had his headquarters where Wolfson s store is located. 

^■flilam |)ark 

When Milam square was set aside for a cemetery it was in the out- 
skirts of the city. It is memorable because it was there that the first Prot- 
estant cemetery of the city was establi.<^hed, and because the remains of 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTOEICAL AND MODERN. 



47 



grand old Ben Milam rest there, marked by a handsome granite monument 
erected by the Daughters of the Republic. December 7th, 1835, Ben Milam 
was killed m the doorway of the V eramendi, while leading an attack upon 
San Antonio, then in the hands of the Mexican forces. His remains were 
buried in the court yard of the building, and fourteen years later, the Ma- 
sonic Order, of which he was a member, exhumed the remains and under es- 
cort of a detail of the United States army, placed them in the center of the 
old City Cemetery. When the cemetery was discontinued, Milam's re- 
mains were undisturbed, and the square has since been known as Milam 
Park. 

Many smaller parks and plazas adorn the city, and to the late Ludwig 
Mahncke may be ascribed a great deal of praise for the condition of San 
Antonio's park system. For a number of years he acted as park commis- 
sioner, and his heart was in the work. Coming generations will arise to call 
him blessed. 




The Carnegie Library Corner of Market and Presa Streets. 



48 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 




4lam© H-imiHiTi) 








^§^m 



Would you live as near heaven as mortals can go? 
If you would there's a place that would suit you, 

I know. 
Let me picture to you these wonderful "sites " 
To be found above the river on Alamo Heights. 



XT 



This river I speak of was born over there 
Where a tiny stream falls like a sheen of fair hair. 
There wild flowers bloom fliat no winter wind 

blights, 
So full of God's sunlight is Alamo Heights. 



There song-birds at twilight to nests homeward fly, 
As you from your work, if you happen to buy 
A home and a garden with all the delights 
To be found no where else save on Alamo Heights. 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTOKICAL AND MODERN. 



49 





Yes, away from the city with its 

maddening strife, 
Secure in a home with baby and wife, 
With no noise nor confusion to haunt 

the long nights. 
Soul and body find repose on fair 

Alamo Heights. 



50 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 




There are stretches of green underlying great trees; 
Your face is soft fanned by flie gentle gulf breeze. 
No artist could paint it, no poet's rare flights 
Of fancy, could^'picture fair Alamo Heights. 

a s) ti 

So, now, just to prove that our story is true, 

Tis a pleasure, come, and we'll show it to you. 

We'll watch below us the city's bright lights. 

We who live in the clouds on dear Alamo Heights. 
—DAISY MARQUIS BRIGGS 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODEEN. 



51 




Bbioadibr General Albert L. Myer, U. S. A. 
Commanding The Department op Texas. 



52 SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODEltN. 



• 



iWiUtan) iLifc in §'an Antonio. 



cr' 



FROM the earliest time San Antonio has been prominent in the mih- 
tary history of the country. Indians, Spaniards, Frenchmen, 
Mexicans, Texans, Federals and Confederates have marched and 
countermarched across the valley of the San Antonio where they have 
engaged in many bloody conflicts. 

This has ever proved a natural strategic point and the nrst permanent 
barracks were built in 1773 on Military plaza. Later Spanish soldiers 
were quartered in the Alamo, followed by United States troops, and it was 
then known as the Quartermaster s Department, which name it retained 
until 1778. 

The arsenal was located near the V eramendi house until it was remov- 
ed to its present lovely site on South Flores street. 

As there were no regular barracks, the troops were quartered at 
various places on Military plaza, in Mission Concepcion, the Mahncke hotel, 
French building and at the head of the river. 

The commanders of this post before the war, were Albert Sydney 
Johnston, who lived at 225 St. Mary street, and Robert E. Lee, who lived 
at the Howard house on South Alamo. It was in this house that he wrote 
the resignation of his commission in the United States army when he as- 
sumed the leadership of the Confederate forces. 

In 1878 Ft. Sam Houston was established and the headquarters of the 
Department of Texas is also located here. 

This is the second largest post in the United States, many additions 
having been recently made, as it is the policy of the War Department to 
abandon the smaller forts and make a brigade post of Ft. Sam Houston. 

18,082 acres of ground are included in the government domains and 
there are quartered here one regiment of cavalry, one of infantry and two 
batteries of artillery. The new pay list will exceed nfty thousand dollars 
each month and the government has expended here about $2,500,000. 
Great attractions for the many visitors are the weekly dress parades and 
daily concerts. 

Among the distinguished officers who have done duty here are Generals 
Zach Taylor, U. S. Grant, W. R. Shafter, Robert E. Lee, Albert Sidney 
Johnston. Phil Sheridan, Harney Worth, E. 0. C. Ord, Lawton, Stanley, 
Luther Hare, McKibbin, Graham, Fred Grant, Jesse M. Lee, McCaskey 
and General Myer, the present commander. 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 



53 



C5ltmpscs of %tan Springs. 




HE recent purchase of tlie military reservation at 
Leon Springs will mean much to the military, 
commercial and social interests of San Antonio. 
An ideal point of concentration for regular and 
volunteer troops in peace maneuvers and in possible 
war-time mobilization increases the importance of 
San Antonio and Fort Sam Houston as a base for 
military operations; the coming together of thousands 
of men and animals at annual encampments means 
much for San Antonio merchants; and the social 
life inevitably connected with the presence of many 
army officers and their families and friends will 
increase the cordial relations which have always 
existed between the city and the army. The res- 
ervation comprises the Schasse and Oppenheimer 
ranches, and contains about eighteen thousand acres 
of land admirably suited for camps, maneuvers and target practice. Although 
only twenty miles from San Antonio, the country presents a complete change 
of soil, vegetation and atmosphere. Beautiful green valleys surrounded by 
rockbound hills, covered with live-oak and cedar, take the place of flat, 
uninteresting plains of chaparral and cactus; and the greatly increased altitude 
tempers the heat of summer and makes spring and autumn delightfully bracing. 
During the month of July, 1908, all the regular troops of the Department of 
Texas, except the batteries of the 3d Field Artillery and the battalion of the 
I6th Infantry from Fort Logan H. Roots, Ark., together with the National 
Guard of Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana and New Mexico, were concentrated 
at Leon Springs for instruction and maneuvers. 

Much of the success of the camp is due to the Commanding General, 
Brigadier General Albert L. Myer. General Myer is, first and foremost, a 
soldier. He has forty-three years' service to his credit, and every day of it 
has been spent with the line of the army. And the line of the army appreciates 
a general who understands its duties, its hardships, its shortcomings and its 
temperament. Every provision of order for the administration of the camp 
was the result of experience. The men realized this instinctively. As a 
result, they were cheerful and ready for anything. 

* * -^ 

The presence of the National Guard of so many different States was 
interesting and instructive. In a community where people are accustomed to 
seeing regular troops there is always a tendency to look down on militia 



54 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 




SAN ANTONIO, HISTOKICAL AND MODEEN. 55 

soldiers. Such a tendency is unjust, and springs largely from a lack of 
understanding of what the militia soldier is, what he represents, and what 
he may some day become. He is, or should be, a physically perfect young 
citizen with a taste for military life. He represents, or should represent, the 
best part of the body politic. In the event of war he will become the back- 
bone of the army. It is no exaggeration to say that the regular army is proud 
of the National Guard of Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana and New Mexico. 
Their handicaps and their shortcomings are realized; but their willmgness and 
their enthusiasm make up for everything else. Many of them came to Leon 
Springs instead of going away on a vacation. That is to say that they 
exchanged the possibility for ten days of idleness for ten days of hot sun, 
rough food, hard work, and, unfortunately, much ridicule from the citizens 
whom they represent and whose work they are doing. The days of the old 
militia camp have passed. It is no longer a question of dress parade and 
hilarity. It is a question of serious work m the military profession; and 
every man who goes into the National Guard of his State should receive at 
least the encouragement of the Legislature and people of that State. The 
camp at Leon Springs helped to cement the bond that is growing between the 
professional soldier and the National guardsman who is willing to give up his 
leisure in order to be ready for service when his State or country needs him. 

The maneuvers were lead up to by a carefully considered program of 
elementary work. There was a total absence of the spectacular, not a trace 
of the old "sham battle. Amongst the wooded hills and open valleys of 
the beautiful reservation, officers and men worked out these problems simulat- 
ing war conditions with a seriousness and a capacity which augurs well for 
the actual fighting efficiency of the United States array and its brother-in- 
arms, the National Guard. 

The lighter side of life was not forgotten, but it was held in its proper 
place. The distance from San Antonio prevented the horde of curious 
thousands which usually pour into a camp of this kind, bringing with them 
distraction, disease and disorder; but in their place there came parties of 
friends and acquaintances which filled the hours of evening relaxation with 
fun and laughter which will long be remembered. Each regiment of the na- 
tional guard kept "open house for the rest of the camp; and it was at these 
gatherings that the younger officers of both services commenced friendships 
which will continue throughout their lives and may be strengthened and 
deepened in the time of national crisis. The citizens of San Antonio con- 
tributed liberally to an amusement tent for enlisted men, which was always 
filled by an appreciative crowd. 

Year after year the reservation will be improved, enlarged ind utilized, 
until San Antonio will come to consider the Leon Springs reservation one of 
her greatest assets. — "Glimpses uf Lean Sprini^s^' by .1. Regular. — Passirii^ Shozv of 
Sep. 26, 1908. 



56 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 




SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 



57 




$20,000 Punch Bowl Belonging to the Ninth U.S. Infantry. 



THIS beautiful bowl, of wblcb Tiffany says, "Tbere is not another one 
like it in tbe world, neither has it a rival in point of beauty and 
elegance of design, is made from silver picked up by members or the 
Ninth Infantry after the great fire in Tientsin, China. Large quantities of 
the silver had been carried off, but the coins and bullion found by the soldiers 
were strewn through the streets in quantities sufficient to make this bowl, 
which is valued at $20,000, and on which an insurance of $10,000 is carried. 
The silver was taken to Japan, where the most experienced artisans were 
employed to make the design, and the graceful Japanese ngures, consisting or 
dragons and wonderful sea serpents, are carried out in all of the ornamenta- 
tion, on the four massive handles as well as the large tray on which it stands. 
It weighs ninety pounds, exclusive of the tray, and is twenty-one inches in 
height, seventy-four inches in circumference and has a capacity of twenty-three 
gallons. The same Japanese designs are carried out in the fifty-two drink- 
ing cups, each ot which bears the name of the officer to whom it belongs. 
The bowl and the ladle are marked with the name of Col. Liscome, who was 
at that time commanding the regiment. 



58 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 







SAN ANTONIO, HISTOKICAL AND MODEEN. 



59 



lEIfc #0cial #tftc oi %iU. 




Home of Mrs. Elizabeth Kampmann, Avenue E and Fourth Steet. 

^T OT long ago, at a dinner m London, a guest was introduced as the 
J gentleman from Texas. 
"TKe gentleman from Texas? ' exclaimed the doughty Briton 
with sarcastic humor, "the gentleman from Texas? 

Poets have idealized the Texas cowboy, the fame of her boundless nelds 
and fat herds has been sung fliroughout the land, but little has been heard of 
her beautiful homes, her cultured people and her social amenities. 

Much has been said about Texas, flie home of flie outlaw, while me 
Republic, formed by patriots and nurtured by flie children of heroes has 
been forgotten. Alftiough in flie early days social customs differed essentially 
from those of flie present time, flie real essence of hospitality, culture and 
good breeding was to be found in the homes of those pioneers, who, nerved 
by {he memory of Goliad and the Alamo, were able at San Jacinto to 
crown {he young Republic with a star which scintilated with heroic deeds. 

Alfliough San Antonio is {he oldest city in flie State, and fliere is 
woven into her history so much of romance and song, yet her civilization 
is essentially new. The names of flie Mavericks and flie Bees are known 
in Texas history, and the Alamo will ever be a shrine for the lovers of 



60 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODEEN. 




SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 61 

liberty, yet flie sunny skies, the soft breezes, and {be roses allure each year 
mousands or strangers who come m quest of pleasure and healfli. The 
mingling of me old and me new, me touch or foreign life, flie presence of flie 
army, all give an added charm to the social life in this quaint old city. 
The beautiful weather which prevails flie greater part of the year makes out of 
door sport especially attractive. 

SOCIAL CLUBS. 

The Country Club, which is the newest as well as the most popular of 
the social resorts, is located opposite Brackenridge park on a beautiful hill 
commanding a nne view of the city and Fort Sam Houston. Ample provision 
is made for lovers of golf, tennis and basket ball to indulge in {heir favorite 
sport, and the riding contingent of the club indulge m the rare sport of riding 
to hounds, always ending the afternoon with a supper and a social hour at 
the club. Every Saturday night a dinner dance is enjoyed by the members 
and their friends. 

The Casino Association is the oldest social club in the city, having 
been organized in 1843. It includes among its members the most prominent 
and wealthy German citizens. 

The San Antonio Club organized in 1880, occcupies handsomely fur- 
nished rooms in the opera house block. Many distinguished guests have 
been entertained here, and it has been the scene of some of {he most bril- 
liant social functions ever given in the State. 

Other social clubs which have stood the test of years, are the Married 
Ladies Dancing Club, organized in 1883, and the San Antonio German Club, 
dating its beginning from the same year. These clubs still hold a leading 
place in the social world. 

Harmony Club, organized in 1887, is the leading social club among the 
Jewish citizens. 

San Antonio Turn Verein is a strong German organization that has 
increased in membership since 1858. 

Although {he Elks might be classed among {he secret orders, much 
attention is given to social affairs, and the order now occupies a handsome 
new home on Avenue E. 

Among the more recently organized social clubs is the San Antonio 
Cotillon Club, the San Jacinto Cotillon Club, the Assembly, and the 
Merry Wives. 

LITERARY CLUBS. 

In the list of literary clubs. The Ladies Reading Club stands {irst in 
point of age, having been organized in 1892. This club holds its meet- 
ings each Monday afternoon in the rooms of the Woman's Club. 



62 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 




SAN ANTONIO, HISTOKICAL AND MODERN. 



63 



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The History Club, organized in 1896, also meets in the same place on 
the first and third Friday. 

The Woman s Club, or- 
ganized m 1898, IS the 
largest woman s organiza- 
tion in the city and is the 
nrst to own its own home; 
which IS located on Cam- 
den street, just off of San 
Pedro avenue. This is 
the gathering place for all 
the federated clubs, the 
city federation meeting 
there the first Saturday 
afternoon of each month. 
Wednesday is Woman s 
Club day, some class or 
department always meet- 
ing on that day. 

The other literary clubs are The Self Culture, Phoenix, Twentieth Cen- 
tury and Shakespeare. 

The Tuesday Music Club, which has done good work in its line, also 
has many literary features. 

Another musical organization which has done much for San Antonio 
is the Beethoven Maennerchor, a German association. It has for a number 
of years owned its own home, one of the handsomest halls in the city, its 
auditorium being especially adapted to concert giving, on account of its size 
and accoustic properties. 

The Jewish Women's Council is an organization of recent date, but it 
is a branch of the National Council which is so far reaching in its work. 

All the patriotic societies which are now so strong throughout the 
country, have flourishing chapters here. There are also strong organiza- 
tions among all the fraternal societies. A new Masonic Temple is one of 
the most beautiful structures of its kind in the South. 



Home of The Woman's Club. 



f'W 



64 SAX ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN. 



After "Slircc §'cinT IJccirs ctnh "Olcm 



4 4 r I ^ HE wide prairie, whtch lies spread out on every side, here and there 
I relieved with a clump of trees, servesto render ihe scene ihe more 

enchanting. Poets have often sung of the heauty of Italian skies, 
but those who have seen both pronounce ours equally beautiful. It does 
not appear to me possible that there is any land more lovely than Texas. 
There is such an infinite variety to its scenery that no one can tire of gazing 
upon it. 

The above is an extract from a letter written by W. B. Dewees. Sept. 
6th, 1838, seventy one years ago. The same charm which lured men and 
women to leave home and kindred for the dangers and privations of life in 
the wilds, and which made of them ever afterwards true and loyal Texans. 
calls as loudly today to the home maker, only now, instead of "treking the 
hundreds of weary miles he and his family come by rail, traveling in a pull- 
man car, if they wish, but he finds the same "Italian skies. 

Southwest Texas ever throws wide her doors to welcome the man who 
comes to make a home for himself and his family. For him she makes her 
wondeful artesian wells send forth their sofest and purest waters; she offers 
to him soil suited to any product he may want to grow, — oranges, lemons, 
grap fruit, figs, nuts of all vanties, plums, peaches, water melons and canta- 
loupes in their season; snap beans and English peas in mid winter; lettuce 
and radishes the year round; tomatoes, eggplant, cauliflover, — the list grows 
too long, for Southwest Texas offers abundantly, and ony for the price of 
energy, all good thing that the appetite of man or heart of woman can desire. 
She offers him land of sunshine, of balmy breezes, of rich soil at a moderate 
price, of rail roads, of schools and churches, in fact all the refinements which 
culture and education naturally bring. When he comes, he finds the same 
cordial welcome which breathes in the following extract from letter quoted 
above. The hand which wrote the letterh as long since crumbled to dust, but 
the sentiment expressed has taken such root in Texas soil, that it is drawn in 
with the very air, and forms s component part of a Texan s character. 

"I would be glad if you would come to Texas and enjoy with us the plea- 
sures which our delightful country can offord. Emigrants are fast flocking into 
the country, money and provisions are plenty, and I see no reason why we 
should not be happy. / think if yon ever intend earning here that you will 
never find a more favorable time than the present.'^ 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN 



65 



^Iie mi ^Market H^iisc 




The Old Market House 



A QUAINT old house on Market street is one of the buildings closely 
identified with the history of the city. It has seen the evolution of 
the present city of palatial residences and public buildings, the 
thoroughfare of half a dozen railroads, from an isolated town on flie western 
prairie. j ^ 

What stories [the old place could tell of those far-off days, as well as 
more modern times, the events of which are passing from memory as the 
older generation goes to join the imirortal caravan. Stories of scenes enact- 
ed within its walls, as well as those whispered by the river flowing past flie 
mill which stood on its banks near what is still known as the "mill bridge," 
Tor then the voice of ^the river could be heard, the roar of traffic and flie 
mighty growth ot a metropolis had not drowned its voice which sang to 
listening ears "the mill will never grind with the water that has passed." 



66 SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN 

When built, this structure was one of the most imposing in the town, 
and it gathered within its walls all sorts and conditions of men on busmess 
of divers kinds. Designed after a model of a Greek temple it was built in 
1858 during the mayoralty of A. A. Lockwood, by John Fries and David 
Russi, then the leading contractors and builders of San Antonio. The same 
firm put up most of the large buildings of that period, among others the First 
Presbyterian church, which was recently remodeled into an up-to-date 
business building. 

Another market house erected on Alamo plaza in 1859 was subse- 
quently removed and re-erected on South Alamo street for a fire house, 
the growing custom of neighborhood markets and delivery of meats and 
vegetables doing away with the general market where people came, basket 
on arm to do their marketing for the day. 

The old market house on Market street, however, had other uses than 
to furnish stalls for the purveyors of meats and vegetables, for it contained 
eating counters and restaurants where meat could be selected, cut and cooked 
for the customer. Here gathered travelers, freighters and soldiers, in the 
days of General Lee, as well as men who were concerned in the building of 
the Empire State, to discuss over their meals the burning topics of the day, 
murders, Indian raids, deeds of desperadoes. 

The market house was the scene of the noted "Beef-Steak Club, composed 
of the most prominent men of the town, who with epicurean taste foregath- 
ered there to eat the steaks prepared iby old Ernest, whose talent m this 
particular branch of culinary art was not only of state wide reputation, but 
national; and many an old-timer smacks his lips reminiscently as he lingers 
lovingly over the memory of "Old Ernest's achievement. Tourists to San 
Antonio enjoyed these delicious steaks as they visited the Alamo and Ver- 
amendi palace. Army officers detailed for San Antonio congratulated them- 
selves that there was compensation for exile, and upon arrival were immedi- 
ately initiated by their friends. H. B. Adams and E. DeLacey Wickes, at 
that time bachelors and high livers, did much to spread the fame of the " Beef- 
Steak " Club, for they made it a solemn duty to see that no stranger of note 
from the East departed withour eating one of Ernest s steaks. Mr. David 
Bell, one of the "oldest citizens' and a charter 'member of the club, says 
that Ernest could have taken a piece of horseflesh and converted it into a 
a delicious steak with the magic of his craft, though he seemed not to have 
cooked anything else in a particularly superior way. The "Beef-Steak 
Club was first located in a small building on Commerce street, but the in- 
creased membership demanded larger quarters and it was removed to the 
old market house. 

Ernest was conscripted during the war, and, after serving faithfully. 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN 67 

upon restoration of peace, he returned to San Antonio and tlie patrons of 
his skill whom he served faithfully untd his death. 

Like most ancient things the old Market house outlived its time and m 
1930 a charter for the new market house was sigaed by Marshall Hicks, 
then mayor, and the relic was left to the disposal of the city fathers, being 
used for different purposes at different times, and having once served as a 
calaboose, or " bat cave. 

After the organization of a separate school district for the city of San 
Antonio, all city property not used for municipal purposes was donated to 
the school fund, and the market house along with the Riverside building and 
some others, passed into the hands of the school board. 

No more fitting mission could be devised than that the building which 
had seen San Antonio grow beyond it should still be used for the benefit of 
those who will make the San Antonio of the future, thus continuing to serve 
the people whom it sheltered so long. 

A feeling of affection for the scene of so many stirring events still lin- 
gers with the old-timers, and much of the life of early San Antonio and the 
old market house is always spoken of with the same affectionate deference 
accorded to the other historic buildings of the Alamo City. 

GUSSIE SCOTT CHANEY. 



¥ f ¥ 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN 69 



®lre IHattlc of J?loteiers ^ytil 2 1 st 



INJ1891, wKen President Harrison was making his Southern tour, each 
town tried to out-do the other in the cordiahty and the novelty of en- 
tertainment. What would San Antonio do? By a happy chance the 
date of the Presidents visit was to be on April 21st, San Jacinto day. 
Some one happily suggested " Flower Battle, and Flower Battle was echoed 
all over the town. Society was planning to make a notable display, and 
President Harrison would have witnessed the first peaceable battle of the 
Alamo, but the rain came down in torrents, and the " Battle was post- 
poned until the 25th of the month, when it was given with marked success. 
The people were so pleased with its success that it has become a permanent 
feature of the San Jacinto celebration. For several years each season 
added to the beauty and glory of the occasion. From a fete of one day, 
the carnival time was extended for a week, but commercialism gradually 
crept in, and became mixed with what was originally designed as a purely 
patriotic and social organization to such an extent that the " Battle of Flow- 
ers " was threatened with complete extinction. 

A reaction has taken place this year, however, and under the manage- 
ment of the ladies of the city the "Battle of Flowers as a patriotic and social 
event will be restored to its pristine glory. 

This annual festival attracts thousands of visitors to the city and the 
thousands who spend the winter here, remain over to enjoy the spectacle or 
to take part in the parade. 



*••*••• 



W ¥ W 



^HE MENGER 

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 

FRONTAGE OM THE "BEAUTIFUL ALAMO PLAZA 




'the patio," MENGER HOTEL 



Famed as "The Mecca oi the South on 
on account of its unsurpassed cuisme, 

service and its comfortaDle and home- 
like surroundings. Its heautiful tropical courts 
where you can take a private promenade, its 
cosy corners, roof garden and elegant and 
spacious lounging, reading and recreation 
rooms, with an unequaled climate mdke it an 
ideal refuge from the wintry blasts of the 
North and East. 

Our Motto "AlWavs in the Lead" 



Wm. C. BK.UCE, Manager 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTOKICAL AND MODERN 71 

#an ^nt0itt0 l!l0-|lmT 

A. population, including additions, of 100,000 people. 

Assessed valuation in 1906 of $37,475,570.00; in 1907 of $55,688.- 
423; in 1908 nearly $61,000,000 (books not yet complete). 

City, County and State Tax, $2.32 on the $100 valuation. 

438 miles of streets, 186 miles of water mains, 65 miles of electric 
street railways and 80 miles of sewers. 

The finest water system in the South, from 14 deep artesian wells, ca- 
pacity over forty million gallons a day. 

Street Railway System carried 9,758,932 passengers in 1906, 11,828,- 

297 in 1907. 

Sewer system cost one half million dollars, carries sewerage miles below 
the city. 

Fire department of 4 new steam fire engines, 2 chemical fire engines, 10 
hose trucks, 2 hook and ladder trucks, 8 hose wagons, 50 horses, and 14 
stations with 700 fire hydrants. 

Six National, four private, three state banks and two trust companies, 
combined deposits amount to about $15,000,000. 

Building permits in 1906 $1,111,550; in 1907 $1,961,471; during the 
first eight months of 1908 $2,561,805, and the architects report at this date 
plans for new buildings of total value of $3,000,000.00. 

The beautiful San Antonio river winds through the heart of the City, 
ned with fine forest trees and spanned by 13 iron and 14 wagon bridges. 

30 public schools and 23 private schools, and school population of over 
16.000 children. 

73 churches and chapels, 16 theatres and amusement halls and five 
hospitals. 

70 factories employing from 10 to 950 persons each. 

Real estate transfers in 1905 were $3,113,033.35; in 1907 $11,041,- 

806.03. 

The most delightful climate the year round in the United States; mean 
annual temperature 69 degrees; mean of the maximum temperature 79 de- 
grees; mean of the minimum 58 degrees; mean of the three winter months, 
54 degrees, the three summer months 82 degrees. Mean average rainfall 
26.7 inches; average velocity of the wind, 7.4 miles per hour; proportion of 
rainy days to fair 1 to 5. 

(Eammcrcial ^an Antonia 

Against the historic background of the storied past, modern San An- 
tonio has grown up, a busy commercial city, developing more rapidly than 



SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN 73 

any otKer city in the southwest, and owing to the fact that her tributary ter- 
ritory is but yet partially developed, possesses almost unlimited opportunities 
for future growth. San Antonio stands now where Los Angeles stood some 
six or seven years ago, and competent and conservative judges predict the 
same phenomenal development for this city in the near future. 

San Antonio is a jobbing and wholesale center, and does the distribu- 
ting for a territory as large as the state of Ohio. It has also a large business 
with Mexico. New railroads projected through this San Antonio territory 
will further develop that country as well as this city, and bring new oppor- 
tunities for business and investment. 

San Antonio has 214 manufacturing plants, large and small. Its two 
leading breweries are the largest of the kind in the South and employ over 
nine hundred men. It has large foundries and machine shops, cotton com- 
presses and oil mills, soap and saddle factories, food product factories, cloth- 
ing factories, sash and blind factories and other enterprises. The develop- 
ment of an oil field adjacent to the city and the opening up of fine deposits 
of lignite coal by the projected railroads will do much to develop a manufac- 
turing industry here. 

San Antonio is the shopping center of the Southwest, and has some of 
the largest retail establishments south of Saint Louis. Its merchants import 
goods from all over the world, and in the quality and quantity of goods 
displayed, as well as reasonableness of price, offer the shopper exceptional 
advantages. 

In percentage of gain in new buildings, San Antonio stands well up in 
the list of American cities. Three new hotels have been completed m 1908 
and one to cost a million dollars will be completed in 1910. Four new of- 
fice buildings of from four to six stories have been completed in the past 
eighteen months and one other is under construction, another twelve stories 
will be begun during the coming year. San Antonio real estate has also 
shown a steady appreciation in value. Even during the financial disturbance 
prices of realty held firm, the market is still strong with promise of unusual 
activity during the coming year. 

San Antonio has six national banks, three state banks, one of which 
does a trust company business, two trust companies, and four private banks. 
The aggregate deposits are estimated by the bankers between fifteen and six- 
teen millions. The San Antonio banks issue letters of credit and traveler s 
checks and buy and sell foreign exchange. 

AiU'tculturc in t\}t #an Antonin Section 

San Antonio is situated in the midst of a rich agricultural country, 
whose soil being from two to three feet thick, with favorable climatic condi- 



74 SAN ANTONIO, HISTORICAL AND MODERN 

tions yields splendid returns to the farmer, the truck grower and the fruit 
raiser. An average rainfall of 28 inches makes dry farming successful. 
Cotton, corn, and the forage crops, especially sorghum cane, hay and alfalfa 
pay handsomely. The climate permits the growing of from two to three 
crops a year, of alfalfa of from five to seven. Furthermore it is not neces- 
sary, as in colder climates to burn up a large percentage of the earnings in 
fuel and warm clothes and feed for stock. 

The yield of cotton is from three quarters to a bale an acre; of corn 
from 40 to 50 bushels an acre. Sorghum cane and hay averages a bale to 
the acre with two to four cuttings. Alfalfa a bale an acre with five to seven 
cuttings. 

All of the vegetables are raised in the San Antonio country and yield 
from tP 150 to $300 net per acre. Some truck growers succeed with dry 
farming but the majority of them irrigate. Artesian water is struck at from 
seven hundred to a thousand feet and will irrigate from 150 to 225 acres. 
They cost from $2,000 to $3,500. Some irrigate from surface wells of 80 to 
200 feet deep by means of gasoline engine and pump. These wells can be 
put in at an expense of a few hundred dollars, including machinery. Vege- 
tables grow in this climate through the entire winter months and the truck 
grower always has something to sell. 

Of the fruits, pears, plums, figs, oranges, lemons, grape fruit, cantaloupes, 
watermelons, grapes and small berries do best. All of them yield handsome 
profits. Small berry raisers without irrigation near this city made from 
«p250 to $300 an acre on dewberries and blackberries in the spring of 1908. The 
orange and lemon industry is in its infancy but is developing, and a won- 
derful future is predicted for it. Figs are profitable and it is customary to 
raise bees in the fig orchards. The bees are useful for polenizing and the 
figs produce good honey. 

There is also a big poultry industry in and near San Antonio and the 
climate is favorable for it. The city is also on the edge of the great cattle 
and sheep and Angora goat country of Southwest Texas. The live stock 
industry is the largest single branch of business in Texas and yields big prof- 
its to the ranchmen. Most of the Angora goats raised in the United States 
are raised in the hill country to the northwest of San Antonio. 

Agricultural lands sell in the San Antonio section at from $15 to $50 
an acre, according to quality and proximity to railroads. Lands adjacent to 
the city sell at from $100 an acre up. Grazing lands sell at from $3 to $6 
or $7 an acre. Lands with water rights can be rented from $10 to $25 an 
acre in some places. Lands for dry farming can be rented for much small- 
er amounts or on shares. 



The Best that Money can Buy 

in San Antonio Real Estate is a Lot in the 

Marlborough - Rosemere 

Restricted Residence District 

The Marlborough - Rosemere district represents the 
highest type of an up-to-date improved residence section 
of a city. 

The improvements include cement sidewalks ma- 
cadamized streets, a double row of shade trees in the park- 
way on each side of the streets. Thousands of evergreen 
plants and hardy roses growing all over our Marlborough- 
Rosemere District. All the conveniences at your door 
including city water, electric lights, telephone service, in 
fact everything that goes to make an up-to-date residence 
property, On a double track car line, only 10 minutes ride 
on the Hot Wells line from the business center. 

Marlborough - Rosemere 

Represents the Best Real Estate value in 
SAN ANTONIO 

PRICES: $450.00 and up 

TERMS: $20 cash and $10 to $20 per month 
without interest. 

Look for the big Stone Arches 

on the Hot Wells Car line, they marh the enterances 
to the Marlborough-Rosemer District. 

Empire Realty Company 

120 Mackay Building 



i«^i llrsulin^ ^m^nm j9"s 



no AUGUSTA STREET 



FIRST CLASS BOARDING AND DAY-SCHOOL 
FOR YOUNG LADIES AND MISSES 




Interior view of Grounds, Ursulme Academy, Augusta Street, San Antonio, Texas. 

COURSES 

Literature, MatKematics, PKysics, Geology, Astronomy, Rhetoric, Etc., Etc., 

Music, the Modern Languages, Stenography, Type-Writing, 

Book-keeping, Optional Courses, Plain and Ornamental 

Needle-work, Painting in Oil, Water 

Colors, China Painting, Etc. 

Electric Light, Artesian Water, Private Rooms for Ladies, Home Spirit 
Fostered. Religious and Moral Atmosphere 

THE URSULINES MAKE TEACHING THEIR LIFE WORK 
THEIR ORDER HAS HAD CENTURIES OF EXPERIENCE 
IN THE NOBLE AVOCATION OF TEACHING a a a 



SEND FOR CATALOGUE 



Address 

THE REV. MOTHER SUPERIOR 



^. J.^^. meicr, Proprietor 

1 320 H.Commfrre§t.,*an Antonio, ^cx. 



MAIL ORDERS A SPECIATY 



New Phone 1266 



Old Phone 1267 



C. V. SEUTTER 

ARCHITECT 

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 

OFFICE 425 MOORE BUILDING 
NElf^ PHONE 2686 



THE THOMAS SCHOOL 

927 South Alamo Street Old Telephone 291 

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 



A Boarding and Day School 
for Girls and Youn^ Ladies 



For Catalogue and [ull Information ad- 
dregs A. A. THOMAS, A. M.. Pres. 



THE PASTORES 



^A^ INTERPRETATION 



Bj- SARAH S. KING 



For Sale at all Book Stores or 
Passing Show office. 50 Cents. 



F. B. GAENSLEN 



ARCHITECT 



410-411 CONROY BUILDING 



L. P. PECK'S 

" THE MOST POPULATE' 
FURNITURE and CARPET 

CORNER 




CORNER HOUSTON AND NAVARRO STREETS 

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 



R.H. WQOD^ 
COMPANY 

L. T. WOOD, Manager 
ALAMO NAT'L BANK BLDG. 



PRODUCE BROKERS 

#pfctalties 

(^alav^htt Apples 



H, C. FELDMAN 

REJL ESTATE 
INVESTMENTS 

FINANCIAL AGENT 

LOANS, RENTALS 

INSURANCE 

Have Eastern Connections 
for making Large Loans 

New Phone 984 
423 NAVARRO STREET 

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 



NEW 

PHONE 

715 





PROPERTY 
"^ OUUIPE ACREAGE A SPECIALTY 



OLD 

PHONE 

1832 



We are owners of beautiful "4'ttflnJSC ^^^ittl1n" on South Flores. Lots 51x167 
feet, wide streets and alleys, city water, $r5.lUl to Sl'ill.lU'l pctr Int. 
We also have some fittf lots on Hot Well's line at $200.00 to S.'iOO.Oll 
per lot. If interested in anutljinji in city property or outside acreage Ictus 
slioui you. 

Will be glad to have you make our office headquarters while in City. 
J. L. LYTLE REALTY CO. 246 E. HOUSTON STREET 



CLAUDE KING 
LEOPOLD WUESTE 



CLAUDE KING & CO, 

REAL ESTATE BROKERS 



212 MACKAY BLOG. 

PHONES 
NEW 819 OLD 947 



**The Wise Investor of To-Day is the Richl^an of To- Morrow** 

If you are looking for: A swell residence or cheap cottage: A small 

farm or a large ranch: A cheap lot or fine building site. 

Bargains in Mexico, such as timber tracts, 

farms, mines etc. We have them all 

on our list. Let us know what you want and 

we will find it for you. Correspondence promptly nnsivered. 






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YOU ALWAYS GET 
WHAT YOU PAY FOR? 



P Admitting that lumber is so staple as to command the 

H same price at all lumber yards, and that the lowest mar- 

jy, ket price is quoted. Are you painstaking enough to com- 

£ pare the quality as well as quantity. Big or little orders, 

S quality comes first in our yards, and full measure a 

30-30 pleasure always. 

Let's Get Together and Talk it Over 

PETRICHSAUR LUMBER CO, 

YARDS:-Lamar and Chestnut St. 



"ANYTHING IN MEXICO" 

Colonization Tracts 

Timber Lands 

Ranch Lands 

Farm Lands 

PHINNEY & BUTTERFIELD 

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 



SOUTHWEST TEXAS 

We have on our books the names of about 

1000 Satisfied Purchasers 

to whom we have sold 

SOUTHWEST TEXAS LANDS 

fVe are Prepared to Satisfy you with Large or 

Small Sized Tracts of Acre Property. 

EAST r EIIM S. 

Address: 

HUST & BRUNDAGE COMPANY 

NEW FROST BLDG. SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 




The "Benefit of Music 



Music has its charms. The life of a child-the surround- 
ing of his or her childhood days will have much to do with 
the moulding' of the character. You yourself can probably 
remember many sweet instances of your early childhood, 
by having- them recalled when hearing- a certain piece of 
music. Nothing- makes a greater impression on the mind 
of the average young person thanmusic-this music should 
be of the best class. 

A good piano in the home not only lends present cheer 
and good fellowship, but will have a great deal to do in 
forming the character of your children. Our line of pianos is the most complete 
in the great Southwest. The best is always found at our store. They are all guar- 
anteed to retain the sweetness of tone that they have when we sell them. We have 
been in the business so long (since 1866, > having sold almost every known make in 
existence, that it enables us to be excellent judges, and our present line has been 
determined by this great ex[)erience. Note the world's standards. 

CHICKERING & SONS, EMERSON, HAINES BROS., GOGGAN, 
ROYAL, KRELL, etc. and in the player piano line, the EMERSON- 
ANGELUS and ANGELUS PIANOS. 

We have at all times quite a number of used Uprights which 
have been taken in exchange which we sell at greatly 
reduced prices. Excellent bargains from $75. nO to $125.00. 
We sell them on payments from $5.00 per month and upwards. 
OURS IS A COMPLETE MUSIC STORE 
From the smallest musical instrument string, sheet music ;ind musical publica- 
tion. Band and Orchestral instruments to the noble and massive Church Pipe 
Organs-also Talking Machines and Talking Machine records. We invite visitors 
to our store for it is one of San Antonio's main attractions. 

THOS. GOGGAN &" BROS. 



Established ISofi. 



Both Phones 



Everytbitig in Music 

Houston and Navarro Sts. 




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THE HOME BUHDERS 




"OUH SPECIALTIES" 

Cabot's Creosote Shingle Stains, 

Cabot's Water Proof Cement Stains, 

Cabot's Deafening Quilt, 

Corrugated Galvanized Iron Roofing, 

Rubber Roofing, 

Noxall "Fast Color" Paints, 

Sherwin-Williams Varnishes, 

Birch Veneered Doors, 

Screen Wire Doors and Windows. 

IV EST END LUMBER CO. 



t, Jlarg's Sail 

^'tl|iTal for %it{s 



WnU for Catalog 



#an Antonio, %txsis 

An Incorporated Boarding and Day School for Girls. 
Sixteentli annual session begins Wednesday, Sept. 16,1909. 
College preparation a special feature. 
Graduates from this school are received without examination 

at Wellesley, Vassar and the University of Texas. 
Unsurpassed advantages for study of piano, voice and oratory. 
Buildings modern, with every facility for an ideal home life. 
For year book address 

Principal MULHOLLAND SCHOOL, 

210 Augusta St., SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 




Flo Oechard— Southwest Texas 



(Texas OMfers ^omcs to iHtllions 

If Horace Greely was living, he would say, "Young man, go south and 
buy land. 

In the Gulf Coast Country in Brazoria, Matagorda, Wharton, Jackson 
and Victoria counties, the lands are suited to diversified farming, — the grow- 
mg of Corn, Potatoes, Alfalfa, Rice, Cotton, Oats and Cane. 

3lt is tlic ^ugar '^owl of '(Texas 

Bearing orange trees can be found in every one of these counties. In 
Brazoria, orange growing has assumed commercial importance. 

Figs are grown m such quantities that numerous canneries are being 
built. The product is not only a delicacy, but is a healfliful and nutritous 
food, and when supplied in quantities and at popular prices, will find buyers 
for train load lots 

You can have something to sell every day in the year. Nowhere else, 
except on the high priced lands of California, can such a diversity of valu- 
able crops be produced. Annual crops of Oranges, Figs, Bermuda Onions, 
Strawberries, Celery, Asparagus and Cabbage are raised, selling in the 
markets at from $100 to $500 per acre. Fertile prairie lands, destitute of 
brush or stones that produce these crops, are selling at from $25 to $.'55 per 
acre, one-third cash, balance 1, 2 and o years. 




Orange Grove— Southwest Texas 



We Kave 40,000 acres between the great city of Houston, the largest 
cotton market m the world, ana Galveston, the second largest export city in 
the United States. More oranges are grown in this section than in all other 
portions of Texas. The whole country is pre-eminently suited to Dairying 
and Hog-raising; perennial grasses and forage crops, with excellent markets 
close to home, make the calling of the Dairyman and the Hog Grower, an 
easy an profitable one. There is no idle season of consumption, but one 
continual growing season. 

Now, let us tell you how to get one of these homes while the prices ire 
yet within the reach of the Homeseeker. Buy a Homeseeker s ticket and 
take the AUison-Richey Special Cars that leave St. Louis and Kansas City 
the first and third Tuesdays of each month. You will enjoy all of the com- 
forts of home while traveling; you will be shown the lands free of expense, 
by courteous salesman. 

If you desire further information, write one of these offices: 

THE ALLISON-RICHEY LAND COMPANY 



MOORE BLDG., SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS. 

MASON BLDG , HOUSTON, TEXAS. 

EL CAMPO AND VICTORIA, TEXAS. 

^4 WAINWRIGHT BLDG., ST. LOUIS, MO. 

23-25 UNION DEPOT, KANSAS CITY, MO. 



F. C. HUNNAM & CO 



SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 



The 






Leading 






Real 


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Estate 






Firm 




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of 






the 






City 



CALL ON US AND LET US SHOW 
YOU SOME OF OUR BARGAINS IN 



City Property 
and Farm Lands 



INDEX 



Page 
Agriculture in the San Antonio sec- 

tlon 72-73 

Alamo, The 13-15 

Alamo Heights, poem by Margaret 

Olive Jordan 48-50 

Alamo Plaza. .. 44-45 

American Bivouac on the Banks of the 
Rio Grande, poem by G. W Pat- 
ton, U. S. A 36 

Battle of flowers 68-69 

Brackenridge, George W., portrait.. . 43 

Brackenndge park 43 

Commercial San Antonio 71-72 

Campo Santo de San Fernando, by 

Nannie E. White 29-30 

Carnegie Library 47 

Deaf Smith, Texas Scout, by Julia Lee 

Sinks 20 

Discovery of the San Antonio Valley, 

by Sarah S. King 6 

Ditches, The 27-28 

Elk s Club house 62 

Glimpses of Leon Springe, by a Reg- 
ular 53-56 

Head of the River 41 

Kampmann, Home of Mrs. Elizabeth. 59 

Lanier, Sidney, in San Antonio .... 37-38 

LEGENDS 

When the Springs Cease to Flow. 8 

Spring of the Huisache 7 

Discovery of the San Antonio 

Valley 6 



Pgae 

Leon Springs, Glimpses of 53-56 

Mahncke, Ludwig, Bust of, designed 

by Pompeo Coppini 41 

Mahncke park 44 

Main plaza 46 

Market House, The Old, by Gussie 

Scott Chaney 65-07 

Menger Hotel, The 70 

Mexican Element in San Antonio by 

Gussie Scott Chaney 35 

Milam park 47 

Military Life in San Antonio 52 

Military plaza 45 

Pathos of a Lonely Life, by Nora 

Franklin McCormick 23-24 

MISSIONS 

Concepcion 17—18 

San Franci«co de la Espada ... 22 

San Juan 21 

San Jose 19-20 

Window of San Jose Mission. . 23—24 
Myer, Gen. Albert L., U. S A., por- 
trait . . 51 

PARKS and PLAZAS 

Alamo plaza 44—45 

Brackenridge park 44 

Mahncke park 44 

Main plaza 46 

Milam park 46—47 

Military plaza 45 

San Pedro park 41 

Travis park 45 



INDEX— CONTINUED 



Patio o( Naylor Home, San Pedro 
Ave 

Points of Interest 

Punch Bowl o{ Ninth U. S. Infantry. 

River, The San Antonio 

Saint Anthony of Padua 

San Antonio o{ To-Day 

San Antonio River 

San Fernando Cathedral 

San Pedro park 

Sea, The, a poem hy Mary Elizabeth 
Wilson 

Social Side of Life 



Page Page 

Spring of the Huisache, By Shara S. 

58 K.ng 7 

95 Story o{ Saint Anthony of Padua . . 5 

57 Terrell, J. 0.. Residence of 60 

39 Texas under Six Flags, by Sarah S, 

4 King 9-11 

71—74 To the Veramendi, poem by Emily 

39-40 King Cooley 25 

Id Travis park 45 

41 Veramendi, The .. 26 

Woman's Club Building 63 

35 When the Springs Cease to Flow, by 

59-63 Sarah S. King 8 



ADVERTISEMENTS 



Page 



ARCHITECTS 

Gaenslen, F. B 97 

Scott, H. L. (Builder) 1 

Seuter, C. V...., 77 

GENERAL 

Fielding, Dr. Frederick J 85 

Goggan Bros., Thos 83 

I. & G. N. Drugstore 77 

Original Mexican Restaurant. . . 84 

Park Terrace Sanitarium 82 

Pastoris, The 77 

Peck. L. P 78 

San Antonio Tent Colony, inside 
front cover. 

Wood, R. H.& Co 79 

LUMBER 

Hillyer, Deutsch & Jarrett Co. 86 

Petrich Saur Lumber Co 81 

West End Lumber Co 88 

HOTELS 

St. Anthony 2 



PAGE 

Menger 70 

REAL ESTATE 

Allison-Richey Land Co 90-91 

Empire Realty Co 75 

Feldman, H. C 79 

Hunnam, F C. & Co 92 

Hust & Brundage 83 

King & Co., Ciaud 79 

Lytle Co . J. L 79 

Nicholson, Furnish & Smith, 

outside back cover page. 

Phinney & Butterfield 81 

SCHOOLS 

Mulholland's School 89 

St. Mary's Hall 89 

Peacock s Military College 80 

S. A. Female Academy, inside 
back cover. 

Thomas' School 77 

Ursuline Academy 76 

West Texas Military Academy. 80 



POINTS OF INTEREST 

IN AND AROUND THE CITY 

The Alamo — Fort and Mission: built in 1718. 

Mission Concepcioil — Built in 1731; 3i miles from the Alamo. 

Mission San Jose — Built in 1718 — 5 miles from the Alamo. 

Sulphur Wells — 3 miles from Alamo; take Hot Wells Car. 

Spanish Governor's First Palace — 105 Military Plaza. 

Maverick Park, Brackenridge Park. 

U. S. Military Post — 2 miles from the Alamo, take Govt. Hill 
Car on Houston Street. 

San Pedro Park and Zoo — 2 miles from the Alamo, take San 
Pedro Avenue Car. 

San Fernando Cathedral — West side Main Plaza. 

For Car Hide — Take West End Car on Houston Street passing St. Louis 
College, Peacock s School for Boys, S. A. College for Girls, West 
End Lake and Park and Protestant Orphans Home. 

Alamo Plaza — There is no more delightful introduction to San 
Antonio than is given by the first view of Alamo Plaza. Its semi-trop- 
ical verdure, always green and luxuriant, both in winter and summer, 
at once gives a favorable impression of the city and its really delight- 
ful climate. All of Alamo Plaza and the surrounding ground is historic. 
Across it the Mexican Army under Santa Anna marched in making their 
final assault on the Alamo. 

Veramendi Palace — On the left hand side of Soledad Street between 
Commerce and Houston Street is to be seen a small one story adobe 
building. This is the old palace of Governor Veramendi, one of the 
early Mexican governors of the province of Texas. 

This building is as historic as the Alamo. It was the center of 
social life during the Mexican rule, and as has had beneath its hospitable 
roof all the famous men of the time. Santa Anna was a frequent visitor 
here, with his officers and men. Beneath its low ceiling and beside its 
large open hearth the noted Indian fighter and Texas patriot Bowie wooed 
and won the Governor s daughter and the wedding which followed was 



attended by the gallant Dons and languishing Senoritas irom all over the 
entire colony. It was here that Ben Milam met his death while driving 
the Mexican troops out of the city. 

The massive cedar doors which are still in use, were the work 
of a skilled Mexican artist who carved them out by hand. They have 
swung on their hinges for over one hundred years and are good for 
many more. This historical landmark will soon be razed to widen 
Soledad street in accordance with the deman'^s of modern traffic. 

Houston Street, along its entire length, was at one time but a 
straggling cattle trial, along which a number of small buildings sprung up. 
At the corner of Houston and St. Mary Streets is now being con- 
structed the million dollar hotel, in the rear of which is the original 
site of Fort Sam Houston. The old barrackwalls are still standing. Gen- 
eral Robert E. Lee and General Albert Sidney Johnston were both, 
previous to the Civil War, in command of these barracks. At the 
corner of Main Avenue is one of the old Spanish ditches or acequias, 
which at one time brought the water from San Pedro Springs to furnish 
the first settlers with water both for drinking and irrigation purposes. 

Laurel Heights Loop carries the visitor through the modern aristo- 
cratic residence districts in the city. Less than five years ago this entire 
section was simply a thicket of mesquite clad hills. Its magnificence 
to-day is one of the best testimonials to the rapid growth of San Anto- 
nio. It will be noted that the mission, Spanish and Moorish styles of 
architecture prevail, showing that the fascinating history of this old town 
has left its impress indelibly upon the minds of the present generation. 



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